Suchergebnisse

We examine the effect of stock market development (SMD) on the low-carbon economy (LCE). We consider two channels, renewable energy and technological innovation by which this affect occurs. We use the cross-sectional autoregressive distributed lags (CS-ARDL) approach to analyse panel time-series data over the period 1980-2016 for European Union member countries. We demonstrate that SMD impedes LCE in the long run. In contrast, technological innovation (TI) is found to be a driving factor in achieving LCE in the long run. Our results also support the argument that renewable energy consumption and production enhance LCE. Stock market development fosters LCE through the channels of renewable energy and technological innovation. Overall results are robust to the conditions of short- and long-run homogeneity and the cross-sectional dependence in the sample. Our results pose important policy implications.

This paper applies the gravity model to investigate the impacts of institutional quality coupled with political risks, distance, and socio-economic factors on tourist flow. We find that institutional quality and absence of conflict are driving factors in fostering tourism flows for both source and destination countries. Our findings suggest that institutional reform can help boost the economies of countries with low-quality institutions. While institutional change is a positive development in its own right, our results suggest that it can also have important additional economic benefits for countries that are highly dependent on tourism.

We seek to explore the hiring and separation rates in Tunisia before and after the Arab Spring based on quarterly business level data for 503 firms over the span of January 2007 to December 2012. Furthermore, we examine whether employers are willing to dismiss older workers to trigger an effective increase in mobility that will open new opportunities for the youth community. We build our analysis upon six main empirical models to study employment decisions reflected by major indicators such as the number of hiring, number of separations, total employment effects, male-female ratio, age cohorts, labour mobility and net employment. The results show that the Arab Spring has created structural unemployment trends. In addition, we note that the 2008 global turmoil has fostered the firing level of employment. Our conclusions also indicate that the response of Tunisia's government to high unemployment rates caused by the financial meltdown in 2008 and the events in 2011 was not sufficient to remove the attached lingering effects that still distress the country's labour market. In addition, our findings emphasize the significant challenges faced by Tunisian youth that could be mitigated by efficient policy actions to incentivize training and development geared towards the private sector.