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The article presents data of sociological research of the online political participation of citizens and political actors in modern Russia. The research was focused on the Internet political participation as an important component of citizens' political involvement that has a significant impact on a political process in modern Russia. By the political participation on the Internet, we mean the use of Internet technologies to involve different groups of citizens into policy; to organize interaction of political actors and citizens; to affect the formation and implementation of political decisions, formation and functioning of political institutions, activity of political and public organizations as well as to affect the activity of non-system political movements and actions for radical transformation of the existing political system. The article comprises data of the expert opinion polls conducted by the author in October-November 2012 in 4 subjects of the Russian Federation (the Yaroslavl Region, Vologda Region, Ulyanovsk Region and Novosibirsk Region), with the sample of 30 persons. A mass Internet poll was conducted among the users actively participating in online political campaigns, and other politically engaged Internet users, with the sample of 400 interviewees. In this article, the author presents the data results from 15 regions of Russia. A degree of the main actors' Internet political engagement has been analyzed. The authors have determined the most popular and efficient forms and technologies of the Internet participation. Special attention has been paid to the analysis of forms and mechanisms of political actors' Internet participation during election campaigns. DOI:10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n2s2p209

Мета статті полягає у визначенні теоретико-методологічних основ дослідження криз у публічному управлінні. Методологічну основу дослідження становлять загальні теоретичні методи (аналізу та синтезу), а також принципи історизму, об'єктивності та науковості. Наукова новизна полягає в унікальному авторському визначенні та аналізі криз у публічному управлінні. Висновки. Досліджено, що криза у загальному розумінні ‒ це нестабільний або критичний період, що неминуче призводить до змін й містить високу ймовірність вкрай небажаних наслідків. У свою чергу, «криза публічного управління» - це особлива форма системи органів державної влади та громадянського суспільства, що супроводжується нестабільністю, зниженням рівня керованості соціально-економічного процесами, розбалансованістю політичних інститутів, загостренням соціальних конфліктів, наростанням протиріч в суспільстві тощо. Така криза призводить до зниження результативності та ефективності управлінського впливу на соціально-економічні процеси.
Визначено основні ознаки кризи публічного управління. По-перше, це загострення економічних і соціальних конфліктів. По-друге, це нездатність державної влади керувати конфліктами та регулювати соціально-економічні процеси і відносини колишніми традиційними методами.
Розглянуто кризу як складний феномен, що охоплює широкий спектр подій. Ці події можуть відрізнятися за своїм масштабом, причинами, тривалістю, серйозністю наслідків тощо, однак їх єднає те, що вони становлять загрозу основним інтересам й репутації організації, уряду чи держави, потребують негайного реагування й застосування нетрадиційних засобів врегулювання, суттєво змінюють ситуацію, нормальний хід життя суспільства й відносини між учасниками конфлікту. Проаналізовано, що кризи публічного управління бувають як легкі так і глибокі, як короткочасні так і затяжні, як локальні так і суцільні, як приховані так і явні, як гострі так і хронічні. З'ясовано, що у разі ігнорування або несвоєчасного реагування на кризи, вони здатні не лише завдати матеріальних збитків, але й негативно вплинути на цілі організації та держави.

The article examines the problem of digital modernization of the Federal information system of state scientific attestation in the organizational, legal and technological aspects, including from the standpoint of analyzing the norms of the current Russian legislation in this area. As part of the organizational aspect, the authors review end-to-end and other digital technologies for the possibility of using the system of state scientific certification procedures. Based on the review, a conclusion was formulated about the possibility of using cloud technologies, Big Data, blockchain, artificial intelligence, video conferencing systems based on web conferences to optimize the operation of the system in two stages: first, organizational problems are solved and a new outline of the federal information system of state scientific certification is created, later, the existing outline can be supplemented with tools based on blockchain technologies and artificial intelligence. From the standpoint of the technological aspect, the article examines the implementation of the tasks of storing and transferring information used in the system of scientific certification. In particular, the use of the registry model is substantiated, which requires additional changes in the legislation to remove duplication of paper documents submitted for consideration and to give legal significance to the entry in the corresponding registry. As for the transfer of data (for example, to the unified federal information register containing information on the population of the Russian Federation), the register also seems to be a good solution. Another problem with the transfer of information is compliance with the legislation on personal data, since the purposes of collecting information do not coincide. An analysis of federal legislation allows us to conclude that it does not contain obstacles to automating the transfer of the information under consideration through the technical channels of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (through the FIS SSA and the system of interdepartmental electronic interaction), however, it requires certain documentary support.

Assessment of the readiness of regions for the occurrence of critical situations is atopical area of research in modern conditions. The problem of high mortality in Russia determines the importance of studying the factors that shape the current state of the socio-demographic system of the population and the prerequisites for its change in the future or in the present under the influence of negative processes. To form an objective picture of the current situation, two areas are identified: potential (the state of the region's healthcare system) and demographic stability (risks of population decline), on the basis of which complex integral indices are calculated and regions are ranked. The specificity of the author's approach to the analysis consists in the complex use of demographic indicators, morbidity indicators and the functioning of the healthcare system. As a result of the analysis, it was found out that an ambiguous situation has developed in the regions. According to the assessment of demographic sustainability, the republics of the North Caucasus have become the best, but there is also the lowest level of development of the healthcare system. The opposite situation is observed in remote and sparsely populated regions of the Far East — Sakhalin Oblast, the Jewish Autonomous Oblast and Chukotka Autonomous Okrug — with high indicators of the potential of the healthcare system there are high demographic risks. The depth of the consequences of the pandemic was reflected in the form of excess mortality. In the first year, the regions of the North Caucasus became leaders in terms of mortality growth — Chechnya (by 44%), Dagestan (by 32%) and Ingushetia (by 27%).The most stable were Adygea, Sevastopol and Buryatia — excess mortality did not exceed 6%. In the second year, actively increasing mortality has already affected all regions, with the exception of the Republic of Tyva and Chukotka Autonomous Okrug having the lowest proportion of the population over working age. The proposed concept of a two-way study of regions will make it possible to trace the main problem areas in dynamics and give an opportunity to prevent the consequences of other possible force majeure.

The article considers the essence and approaches to understanding network political protest. Traditional forms of collective action are changing under the influence of information and communication technologies. The network paradigm focuses on the position of the individual in the social space, the degree of his involvement in the communication space, the ability to control and regulate the intensity of the information flow. Network structures are more flexible and adaptive, more in line with the new reality. Special and main principles of the network structure of political protest are revealed. The article also presents definitions of political mobilization and demobilization. These processes Express the rivalry of the conflicting parties-the state and society, where the support of the broad masses of the population is an important category. Based on the data of the monitoring study, the features of the development of civil protest activism and the use of mobilization technologies were identified. ICTs have a significant impact on their formation and transformation. The state, reacting to forms of real and virtual activity, formulates a counteraction strategy. It is expressed in the use of technologies for the demobilization of citizens, which are also undergoing changes in the era of digitalization

В статье рассматривается активность пользования россиянами сети Интернет. Выявляются социальные группы, наиболее активно пользующиеся Интернетом. В статье определяются основные цели использования Интернета. ; The article deals with the Russians use activity on the Internet. Social groups that actively using the Internet are identified.The paper identifies the main purpose of using the Internet.

The development of information and communication technologies contributes to the creation and active use of various digital services and platforms in the public sphere of interaction between government and society. However, the conditions of their interaction in the digital space, especially at the regional level, have not been sufficiently studied and require close attention. In this regard, the article analyzes the processes of digitalization of electoral procedures, institutions of public chambers and public councils, the activities of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and volunteerism as forms of interaction between government and society. Empirical data were collected in a number of studies: analysis of the activities of resource centers for supporting NGOs and civil activists; analysis of the activity of public chambers on the Internet; identification of state regulation of the digitalization process of key forms of public activity; surveys of employees of public authorities of the Yaroslavl region; surveys of managers and employees of non-profit organizations of the Yaroslavl region.

The article deals with the problem of modern communication of universities with the student audience in the online space. In order to identify the features of user involvement in the work of university groups in social networks, the interests of the target audience and the specifics of user actions, a comprehensive study was conducted, based on the methods of expert survey, event analysis, content analysis, case study and index analysis. The respondents of the expert survey were 18 representatives — administrators of university groups in social networks from Yaroslavl, Kostroma, and Cherepovets. The study also included a review of the posted content in the main Kostroma State University communities on the VK social network and Telegram messenger, the VK student union group in two spring academic months (March — April) and summer (July — August). As a result, classifications of posts posted in online groups by form and content were developed, user involvement in a particular type of content was calculated, the most frequently used publications in different groups were identified, the dynamics of posting posts depending on the type of site and time period were revealed.

The editorial board presents an issue dedicated to the analysis of politics in the regions of Russia. Two interrelated paradigms of the political design of Russia's regional diversity are to trace - territorial and ethno-national. They have become not only options for state registration of a space diversified by political, economic and ethno-cultural grounds, but also the subject of ideological battles, including assessments and the degree of preference of management strategies and political priorities. In the political and institutional context, the regional dimension of Russia implies an emphasis on the correlation of particular features and universalizing intentions. Such a ratio of the general and the special is included in the subject pool associated with understanding and ensuring the completeness of Russia's sovereignty.