Suchergebnisse

Depopulation of the population and decrease in fertility is an urgent problem of modern Russia and the world. However, birth rate is not the main factor determining decline in country's population. At present, fertility, as a biological factor, acquires a social content and is regulated by a set of social, religious and other norms. There is an active trend of reducing the number of children in families across the world. If in 1960 a woman had an average of 5 children during her life, by 2019 the figure was half as low—2.4. The main reasons are development of the scientific and social progress, changes in the economic system, decline in mortality (including infant), women's involvement in the economy along with the spread of education for women, increasing maternal age at first birth. The countries with increasing economic and social development have faced the threat of depopulation. In Russia, as in many economically developed countries, total fertility rate is lower than the level of natural reproduction of a generation. The number of such countries has grown from 13 in 1970 to 123 in 2018, with a total population of 3.97 billion people or 51.7% of humanity. Pronatalist measures are prevailing in the Russian demographic policy. The main demographic danger for Russia is not low birth rate, but high level of mortality (including from external causes), low life expectancy (especially for men), high level of morbidity (including "social" diseases) and others. Innovative technologic development is an important factor determining the State policy along with reduction in the birth rate. The economy will not need many workers. It is necessary to strengthen automation and robotization of production facilities. Thus, the priority of the future demographic policy should not be the number of people, but the quality of human capital.

The paper is a continuation of the article published in the previous issue of the journal. In the first part, theoretical approaches to understanding and interpreting ecosystems were considered. Based on them, the definition of the ecosystem of civic activity was formulated as a set of digital services forming a single infrastructure of interaction, as well as the creation of coalitions and cooperating partnerships acting in the interests of their creators. The features of civic activity ecosystems were also highlighted: the development of digital forms of civic and protest activity, the use of digital services and platforms, multi-channel communication, multiple collaborations, cooperation and horizontal interaction of participants. In order to identify the features of the development of civil and protest activity in modern Russia in the context of the development of digital services and platforms that serve as a prerequisite for the creation of ecosystems in politics, the results of expert surveys conducted in the period 2014-2022 were summarized. The results of the study indicate trends in the systematic development of online and offline civic activity in the subjects of the Russian Federation. We can talk about the strengthening of civil action in the Network and the increasing role of digital forms of civic activity, as well as the partial "transition" of civil society actors to the Internet space to increase the effectiveness of activities. As a result, the network principles of organizing collective actions of citizens are actively developing. It is indicated that protest actions, as well as other forms of civic activity, are more often carried out on the Internet. As a result, there is a development of digital infrastructure for participants of socio-political projects and campaigns - platforms, services for interaction. It provides multi-channel interaction between the organizational core and civil society activists, allowing you to create a single communication space. It is noted that in modern Russian society, the implementation of large-scale "seamless" digital ecosystems is still only a prospect for development. At the same time, a model of interaction based on the cooperation of users around the digital platform is successfully operating.

The paper is devoted to identify the features of the development of civil and protest activity in modern Russia in the context of the development of digital services and platforms that serve as a prerequisite for the creation of ecosystems in politics. The article presents the results of a monitoring study conducted by a survey of experts in the regions of the Russian Federation from 2014 to 2021. The study also used the results of the analysis of a number of protest campaigns. The theoretical part is devoted to the review of concepts for understanding ecosystems and their specific characteristics, as well as the development of ecosystems in the socio-political sphere. As a result, a number of features of civic activity ecosystems were formulated: the development of digital forms of civic and protest activity, the use of digital services and platforms, multi-channel communication, multiple collaborations, cooperation and horizontal interaction of participants. The ecosystem of civic activity is defined as a set of digital services that form a single interaction infrastructure, as well as the creation of coalitions and cooperating partnerships acting in the interests of their creators. The empirical research`s base contains the results of a survey of experts and an analysis of protest campaigns. In the Russian regions, there is a development of offline and online civil and protest activity, while digital forms of civil action are developing at an accelerated pace. These processes are accompanied by the complication of the structure of internal and external interaction of activists through services and platforms, the totality of which forms the digital infrastructure. Coordination and cooperation of public associations with partners and activists is carried out on the basis of network principles of interaction, which allow to combine the efforts of partners, creating a common digital space for interaction with users. There is a tendency of consolidation of offline and online cooperation of public associations. The results of the study demonstrate the presence of individual elements of ecosystems in the structures of civil society.

The article reveals the features of the functioning of student associations and organizations in the context of modern socio-political reality. The purpose of the study is to identify the perception of students of public associations, their formats and the results of their activities. The empirical basis of the study is the data obtained during a series focus group interviews and expert interviews. The main research platform is the consortium of universities «Upper Volga - the territory of innovation». The main value-orientation attitudes of modern youth and students, their attitudes to citizenship, power and the social structure of modern society are revealed in the theoretical part of the paper. In the study itself, the actual situation was revealed both in the youth and student associations themselves, and the specifics of their interaction with students and the educational institution as a whole. Thus, in the course of the study, it was found that the awareness and involvement of students in the activities of youth associations remains at a low level. In turn, the broadcast topics and formats of the work of these organizations do not fully reflect the needs and preferences of modern students, which forms a certain distance between active and inactive students. The results of the study suggest that communication with students through university associations and organizations can be difficult and ineffective.

In France, illegal hunting of the endangered ortolan bunting Emberiza hortulana has been defended for the sake of tradition and gastronomy. Hunters argued that ortolan buntings trapped in southwest France originate from large and stable populations across the whole of Europe. Yet, the European Commission referred France to the Court of Justice of the European Union (EU) in December 2016 for infringements to legislation (IP/16/4213). To better assess the impact of hunting in France, we combined Pan-European data from archival light loggers, stable isotopes, and genetics to determine the migration strategy of the species across continents. Ortolan buntings migrating through France come from northern and western populations, which are small, fragmented and declining. Population viability modeling further revealed that harvesting in southwest France is far from sustainable and increases extinction risk. These results provide the sufficient scientific evidence for justifying the ban on ortolan harvesting in France.

In France, illegal hunting of the endangered ortolan bunting Emberiza hortulana has been defended for the sake of tradition and gastronomy. Hunters argued that ortolan buntings trapped in southwest France originate from large and stable populations across the whole of Europe. Yet, the European Commission referred France to the Court of Justice of the European Union (EU) in December 2016 for infringements to legislation (IP/16/4213). To better assess the impact of hunting in France, we combined Pan-European data from archival light loggers, stable isotopes, and genetics to determine the migration strategy of the species across continents. Ortolan buntings migrating through France come from northern and western populations, which are small, fragmented and declining. Population viability modeling further revealed that harvesting in southwest France is far from sustainable and increases extinction risk. These results provide the sufficient scientific evidence for justifying the ban on ortolan harvesting in France.

In France, illegal hunting of the endangered ortolan bunting Emberiza hortulana has been defended for the sake of tradition and gastronomy. Hunters argued that ortolan buntings trapped in southwest France originate from large and stable populations across the whole of Europe. Yet, the European Commission referred France to the Court of Justice of the European Union (EU) in December 2016 for infringements to legislation (IP/16/4213). To better assess the impact of hunting in France, we combined Pan-European data from archival light loggers, stable isotopes, and genetics to determine the migration strategy of the species across continents. Ortolan buntings migrating through France come from northern and western populations, which are small, fragmented and declining. Population viability modeling further revealed that harvesting in southwest France is far from sustainable and increases extinction risk. These results provide the sufficient scientific evidence for justifying the ban on ortolan harvesting in France.

In France, illegal hunting of the endangered ortolan bunting Emberiza hortulana has been defended for the sake of tradition and gastronomy. Hunters argued that ortolan buntings trapped in southwest France originate from large and stable populations across the whole of Europe. Yet, the European Commission referred France to the Court of Justice of the European Union (EU) in December 2016 for infringements to legislation (IP/16/4213). To better assess the impact of hunting in France, we combined Pan-European data from archival light loggers, stable isotopes, and genetics to determine the migration strategy of the species across continents. Ortolan buntings migrating through France come from northern and western populations, which are small, fragmented and declining. Population viability modeling further revealed that harvesting in southwest France is far from sustainable and increases extinction risk. These results provide the sufficient scientific evidence for justifying the ban on ortolan harvesting in France.

In France, illegal hunting of the endangered ortolan bunting Emberiza hortulana has been defended for the sake of tradition and gastronomy. Hunters argued that ortolan buntings trapped in southwest France originate from large and stable populations across the whole of Europe. Yet, the European Commission referred France to the Court of Justice of the European Union (EU) in December 2016 for infringements to legislation (IP/16/4213). To better assess the impact of hunting in France, we combined Pan-European data from archival light loggers, stable isotopes, and genetics to determine the migration strategy of the species across continents. Ortolan buntings migrating through France come from northern and western populations, which are small, fragmented and declining. Population viability modeling further revealed that harvesting in southwest France is far from sustainable and increases extinction risk. These results provide the sufficient scientific evidence for justifying the ban on ortolan harvesting in France.

In France, illegal hunting of the endangered ortolan bunting Emberiza hortulana has been defended for the sake of tradition and gastronomy. Hunters argued that ortolan buntings trapped in southwest France originate from large and stable populations across the whole of Europe. Yet, the European Commission referred France to the Court of Justice of the European Union (EU) in December 2016 for infringements to legislation (IP/16/4213). To better assess the impact of hunting in France, we combined Pan-European data from archival light loggers, stable isotopes, and genetics to determine the migration strategy of the species across continents. Ortolan buntings migrating through France come from northern and western populations, which are small, fragmented and declining. Population viability modeling further revealed that harvesting in southwest France is far from sustainable and increases extinction risk. These results provide the sufficient scientific evidence for justifying the ban on ortolan harvesting in France. ; Peer reviewed

In France, illegal hunting of the endangered ortolan bunting Emberiza hortulana has been defended for the sake of tradition and gastronomy. Hunters argued that ortolan buntings trapped in southwest France originate from large and stable populations across the whole of Europe. Yet, the European Commission referred France to the Court of Justice of the European Union (EU) in December 2016 for infringements to legislation (IP/16/4213). To better assess the impact of hunting in France, we combined Pan-European data from archival light loggers, stable isotopes, and genetics to determine the migration strategy of the species across continents. Ortolan buntings migrating through France come from northern and western populations, which are small, fragmented and declining. Population viability modeling further revealed that harvesting in southwest France is far from sustainable and increases extinction risk. These results provide the sufficient scientific evidence for justifying the ban on ortolan harvesting in France.

In France, illegal hunting of the endangered ortolan bunting Emberiza hortulana has been defended for the sake of tradition and gastronomy. Hunters argued that ortolan buntings trapped in southwest France originate from large and stable populations across the whole of Europe. Yet, the European Commission referred France to the Court of Justice of the European Union (EU) in December 2016 for infringements to legislation (IP/16/4213). To better assess the impact of hunting in France, we combined Pan-European data from archival light loggers, stable isotopes, and genetics to determine the migration strategy of the species across continents. Ortolan buntings migrating through France come from northern and western populations, which are small, fragmented and declining. Population viability modeling further revealed that harvesting in southwest France is far from sustainable and increases extinction risk. These results provide the sufficient scientific evidence for justifying the ban on ortolan harvesting in France.

In France, illegal hunting of the endangered ortolan bunting Emberiza hortulana has been defended for the sake of tradition and gastronomy. Hunters argued that ortolan buntings trapped in southwest France originate from large and stable populations across the whole of Europe. Yet, the European Commission referred France to the Court of Justice of the European Union (EU) in December 2016 for infringements to legislation (IP/16/4213). To better assess the impact of hunting in France, we combined Pan-European data from archival light loggers, stable isotopes, and genetics to determine the migration strategy of the species across continents. Ortolan buntings migrating through France come from northern and western populations, which are small, fragmented and declining. Population viability modeling further revealed that harvesting in southwest France is far from sustainable and increases extinction risk. These results provide the sufficient scientific evidence for justifying the ban on ortolan harvesting in France.