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Information and communication technologies (ICT) bring a whole new dimension into the healthcare arena by introducing electronic media that open the door to the use of new methodologies. Today, ICT support electronic gathering, storage, processing, and exchange of information to treat disease, prevent illness, promote healthy lifestyle, manage patients with chronic illness, and many other applications [1, 2]. Electronic health (eHealth) has the ability to bridge gaps between patients and doctors, patients and relatives, doctors and administrative staff, and so on. Also, eHealth helps to overcome barriers by means that are significantly different from traditional healthcare solutions [3]. It has paved the way for the adoption of sophisticated forms of healthcare provision based on mobile devices and context-awareness, such as mobile health (mHealth) [4] and smart health (sHealth) [5], which require unprecedentedly complex integration strategies. The advances in healthcare and ICT serve the society as a whole (e.g., patients, healthcare professionals, relatives, and governments) and support the sustainability of healthcare systems. New health ICT systems offer opportunities to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of healthcare services through innovative approaches in clinical service delivery, personalized health, and public health, with a wide impact on the well-being of individuals. Clearly, the study of the integration of healthcare solutions based on ICT is a hot topic that deserves attention. [.]

Information and communication technologies (ICT) bring a whole new dimension into the healthcare arena by introducing electronic media that open the door to the use of new methodologies. Today, ICT support electronic gathering, storage, processing, and exchange of information to treat disease, prevent illness, promote healthy lifestyle, manage patients with chronic illness, and many other applications [1, 2]. Electronic health (eHealth) has the ability to bridge gaps between patients and doctors, patients and relatives, doctors and administrative staff, and so on. Also, eHealth helps to overcome barriers by means that are significantly different from traditional healthcare solutions [3]. It has paved the way for the adoption of sophisticated forms of healthcare provision based on mobile devices and context-awareness, such as mobile health (mHealth) [4] and smart health (sHealth) [5], which require unprecedentedly complex integration strategies. The advances in healthcare and ICT serve the society as a whole (e.g., patients, healthcare professionals, relatives, and governments) and support the sustainability of healthcare systems. New health ICT systems offer opportunities to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of healthcare services through innovative approaches in clinical service delivery, personalized health, and public health, with a wide impact on the well-being of individuals. Clearly, the study of the integration of healthcare solutions based on ICT is a hot topic that deserves attention. [.]

Information and communication technologies (ICT) bring a whole new dimension into the healthcare arena by introducing electronic media that open the door to the use of new methodologies. Today, ICT support electronic gathering, storage, processing, and exchange of information to treat disease, prevent illness, promote healthy lifestyle, manage patients with chronic illness, and many other applications [1, 2]. Electronic health (eHealth) has the ability to bridge gaps between patients and doctors, patients and relatives, doctors and administrative staff, and so on. Also, eHealth helps to overcome barriers by means that are significantly different from traditional healthcare solutions [3]. It has paved the way for the adoption of sophisticated forms of healthcare provision based on mobile devices and context-awareness, such as mobile health (mHealth) [4] and smart health (sHealth) [5], which require unprecedentedly complex integration strategies. The advances in healthcare and ICT serve the society as a whole (e.g., patients, healthcare professionals, relatives, and governments) and support the sustainability of healthcare systems. New health ICT systems offer opportunities to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of healthcare services through innovative approaches in clinical service delivery, personalized health, and public health, with a wide impact on the well-being of individuals. Clearly, the study of the integration of healthcare solutions based on ICT is a hot topic that deserves attention. [.]

Information and communication technologies (ICT) bring a whole new dimension into the healthcare arena by introducing electronic media that open the door to the use of new methodologies. Today, ICT support electronic gathering, storage, processing, and exchange of information to treat disease, prevent illness, promote healthy lifestyle, manage patients with chronic illness, and many other applications [1, 2]. Electronic health (eHealth) has the ability to bridge gaps between patients and doctors, patients and relatives, doctors and administrative staff, and so on. Also, eHealth helps to overcome barriers by means that are significantly different from traditional healthcare solutions [3]. It has paved the way for the adoption of sophisticated forms of healthcare provision based on mobile devices and context-awareness, such as mobile health (mHealth) [4] and smart health (sHealth) [5], which require unprecedentedly complex integration strategies. The advances in healthcare and ICT serve the society as a whole (e.g., patients, healthcare professionals, relatives, and governments) and support the sustainability of healthcare systems. New health ICT systems offer opportunities to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of healthcare services through innovative approaches in clinical service delivery, personalized health, and public health, with a wide impact on the well-being of individuals. Clearly, the study of the integration of healthcare solutions based on ICT is a hot topic that deserves attention. [.]

In this paper, an enhancement of a hybrid simulation technique based on combining collaborative filtering with deterministic 3D ray launching algorithm is proposed. Our approach implements a new methodology of data depuration from low definition simulations to reduce noisy simulation cells. This is achieved by processing the maximum number of permitted reflections, applying memory based collaborative filtering, using a nearest neighbors' approach. The depuration of the low definition ray launching simulation results consists on discarding the estimated values of the cells reached by a number of rays lower than a set value. Discarded cell values are considered noise due to the high error that they provide comparing them to high definition ray launching simulation results. Thus, applying the collaborative filtering technique both to empty and noisy cells, the overall accuracy of the proposed methodology is improved. Specifically, the size of the data collected from the scenarios was reduced by more than 40% after identifying and extracting noisy/erroneous values. In addition, despite the reduced amount of training samples, the new methodology provides an accuracy gain above 8% when applied to the real-world scenario under test, compared with the original approach. Therefore, the proposed methodology provides more precise results from a low definition dataset, increasing accuracy while exhibiting lower complexity in terms of computation and data storage. The enhanced hybrid method enables the analysis of larger complex scenarios with high transceiver density, providing coverage/capacity estimations in the design of heterogeneous IoT network applications. ; This work was supported in part by the European Commission LOCARD Project under Grant 832735 and under Project RTI2018-095499-B-C32 and Project RTI2018-095499-B-C31, and in part by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Gobierno de España (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE). The work of Agusti Solanas was supported in part by the Government of Catalonia (GC) under Grant 2017-DI-002 and Grant 2017-SGR-896, and in part by the Fundació PuntCAT with the Vinton Cerf Distinction.

Ambient assisted living (AAL) technologies are increasingly presented and sold as essential smart additions to daily life and home environments that will radically transform the healthcare and wellness markets of the future. An ethical approach and a thorough understanding of all ethics in surveillance/monitoring architectures are therefore pressing. AAL poses many ethical challenges raising questions that will affect immediate acceptance and long-term usage. Furthermore, ethical issues emerge from social inequalities and their potential exacerbation by AAL, accentuating the existing access gap between high-income countries (HIC) and low and middle-income countries (LMIC). Legal aspects mainly refer to the adherence to existing legal frameworks and cover issues related to product safety, data protection, cybersecurity, intellectual property, and access to data by public, private, and government bodies. Successful privacy-friendly AAL applications are needed, as the pressure to bring Internet of Things (IoT) devices and ones equipped with artificial intelligence (AI) quickly to market cannot overlook the fact that the environments in which AAL will operate are mostly private (e.g., the home). The social issues focus on the impact of AAL technologies before and after their adoption. Future AAL technologies need to consider all aspects of equality such as gender, race, age and social disadvantages and avoid increasing loneliness and isolation among, e.g. older and frail people. Finally, the current power asymmetries between the target and general populations should not be underestimated nor should the discrepant needs and motivations of the target group and those developing and deploying AAL systems. Whilst AAL technologies provide promising solutions for the health and social care challenges, they are not exempt from ethical, legal and social issues (ELSI). A set of ELSI guidelines is needed to integrate these factors at the research and development stage.

Ambient assisted living (AAL) technologies are increasingly presented and sold as essential smart additions to daily life and home environments that will radically transform the healthcare and wellness markets of the future. An ethical approach and a thorough understanding of all ethics in surveillance/monitoring architectures are therefore pressing. AAL poses many ethical challenges raising questions that will affect immediate acceptance and long-term usage. Furthermore, ethical issues emerge from social inequalities and their potential exacerbation by AAL, accentuating the existing access gap between high-income countries (HIC) and low and middle-income countries (LMIC). Legal aspects mainly refer to the adherence to existing legal frameworks and cover issues related to product safety, data protection, cybersecurity, intellectual property, and access to data by public, private, and government bodies. Successful privacy-friendly AAL applications are needed, as the pressure to bring Internet of Things (IoT) devices and ones equipped with artificial intelligence (AI) quickly to market cannot overlook the fact that the environments in which AAL will operate are mostly private (e.g., the home). The social issues focus on the impact of AAL technologies before and after their adoption. Future AAL technologies need to consider all aspects of equality such as gender, race, age and social disadvantages and avoid increasing loneliness and isolation among, e.g. older and frail people. Finally, the current power asymmetries between the target and general populations should not be underestimated nor should the discrepant needs and motivations of the target group and those developing and deploying AAL systems. Whilst AAL technologies provide promising solutions for the health and social care challenges, they are not exempt from ethical, legal and social issues (ELSI). A set of ELSI guidelines is needed to integrate these factors at the research and development stage.

Ambient assisted living (AAL) technologies are increasingly presented and sold as essential smart additions to daily life and home environments that will radically transform the healthcare and wellness markets of the future. An ethical approach and a thorough understanding of all ethics in surveillance/monitoring architectures are therefore pressing. AAL poses many ethical challenges raising questions that will affect immediate acceptance and long-term usage. Furthermore, ethical issues emerge from social inequalities and their potential exacerbation by AAL, accentuating the existing access gap between high-income countries (HIC) and low and middle-income countries (LMIC). Legal aspects mainly refer to the adherence to existing legal frameworks and cover issues related to product safety, data protection, cybersecurity, intellectual property, and access to data by public, private, and government bodies. Successful privacy-friendly AAL applications are needed, as the pressure to bring Internet of Things (IoT) devices and ones equipped with artificial intelligence (AI) quickly to market cannot overlook the fact that the environments in which AAL will operate are mostly private (e.g., the home). The social issues focus on the impact of AAL technologies before and after their adoption. Future AAL technologies need to consider all aspects of equality such as gender, race, age and social disadvantages and avoid increasing loneliness and isolation among, e.g. older and frail people. Finally, the current power asymmetries between the target and general populations should not be underestimated nor should the discrepant needs and motivations of the target group and those developing and deploying AAL systems. Whilst AAL technologies provide promising solutions for the health and social care challenges, they are not exempt from ethical, legal and social issues (ELSI). A set of ELSI guidelines is needed to integrate these factors at the research and development stage. ; COST Action CA19121 "Network on Privacy-Aware Audio- and ...

Ambient assisted living (AAL) technologies are increasingly presented and sold as essential smart additions to daily life and home environments that will radically transform the healthcare and wellness markets of the future. An ethical approach and a thorough understanding of all ethics in surveillance/monitoring architectures are therefore pressing. AAL poses many ethical challenges raising questions that will affect immediate acceptance and long-term usage. Furthermore, ethical issues emerge from social inequalities and their potential exacerbation by AAL, accentuating the existing access gap between high-income countries (HIC) and low and middle-income countries (LMIC). Legal aspects mainly refer to the adherence to existing legal frameworks and cover issues related to product safety, data protection, cybersecurity, intellectual property, and access to data by public, private, and government bodies. Successful privacy-friendly AAL applications are needed, as the pressure to bring Internet of Things (IoT) devices and ones equipped with artificial intelligence (AI) quickly to market cannot overlook the fact that the environments in which AAL will operate are mostly private (e.g., the home). The social issues focus on the impact of AAL technologies before and after their adoption. Future AAL technologies need to consider all aspects of equality such as gender, race, age and social disadvantages and avoid increasing loneliness and isolation among, e.g. older and frail people. Finally, the current power asymmetries between the target and general populations should not be underestimated nor should the discrepant needs and motivations of the target group and those developing and deploying AAL systems. Whilst AAL technologies provide promising solutions for the health and social care challenges, they are not exempt from ethical, legal and social issues (ELSI). A set of ELSI guidelines is needed to integrate these factors at the research and development stage.

In this position paper, we have used Alan Cooper's persona technique to illustrate the utility of audio- and video-based AAL technologies. Therefore, two primary examples of potential audio- and video-based AAL users, Anna and Irakli, serve as reference points for describing salient ethical, legal and social challenges related to use of AAL. These challenges are presented on three levels: individual, societal, and regulatory. For each challenge, a set of policy recommendations is suggested.