Suchergebnisse

The idea that policy diffusion can occur via two different mechanisms has gained attention in the realm of international accounting since the European Union's adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) in 2005. Proponents of classical economic approaches to policy adoption argue that countries adopting IFRS are motivated solely by the economic consequences of the standards from which they anticipate an improvement in information quality. Neo-institutional scholars argue, on the other hand, that institutional and social pressures from both internal and external sources propel actors to adopt the standards. While each narrative can independently explain IFRS adoption, they can also overlap, creating a pecking order effect in explaining IFRS adoption particularly in developing countries. In Africa, a majority of countries have not yet adopted IFRSs despite calls by international organizations to do so. The purpose of this dissertation project was to analyze the logics behind the diffusion and adoption of IFRSs in Africa and to develop an institutional explanation for the adoption or non-adoption of IFRS in selected African countries. The project investigates why many African countries resist adopting IFRSs, looking at the factors that foster or limit IFRS adoption and the role actors at transnational and local levels play. Methodologically, the project employs a qualitative comparative analytic approach with case studies of selected African countries. It compares the case of countries that have already adopted the standards following similar effects from the European Union and Countries have not yet adopted. It concludes that, although institutional economics play a crucial role in the adoption of IFRS in western countries, Neo-institutional arrangements such as institutional pressures of coercion, normative professional pressures coupled with the presence or absence of essential institutions to support adoption better explains IFRS adoption/non-adoption in Africa.

AbstractFossil fuel divestment movements have gained momentum since 2011, aimed at ending fossil fuel use and a move toward a cleaner, affordable, and sustainable energy system, for business and society. The present study investigates the direct impact of fossil fuel divestment announcements on stock prices of firms listed on the United States' stock exchanges. Using an event study and guided by the United Nation's sustainable development goals (SDGs), we test the effects of 116 divestments announcements between 2014 and 2019 on 51 publicly traded fossil fuel companies. Our results suggest that there is a negative effect of these announcements on fossil fuel firm stock prices. Also, we find that the type of fossil fuel firm (coal or oil and gas), the type of divestment (partial, coal only, or full), the timing of the announcement, and the size of the divesting investor have some explanatory power in relation to the (cumulative) abnormal returns following the divestment announcements. While the negative impact on stock prices is not surprising, the reaction from the divested firms after such large divestitures is not consistent with what may be expected, given past reactions to divestitures seeking to achieve different social goals. Given the SDGs, it seems clear why investors are divesting themselves from fossil fuel firms, but why has the reaction to the 116 divestments led to very little change in the way these publicly traded fossil fuel firms do business given their direct and growing impacts on society? We conclude the study with some suggestions for future research.