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Quantitative economics has advanced dramatically in the past eighty
years and much of this took place in the three decades following World War
II. Many contributions were initiated and sponsored by the defense
community. For the resolution of major military management and planning
problems it was essential to create new quantitative economic models and
methodologies. Accomplishments served the military while providing
substantive and lasting new directions in economics. This paper is devoted
to highlighting these results by describing the research on Input-Output
economics, linear programming, game theory, decision theory, probabilistic
models, and high-speed computing.

AbstractIn this paper an attempt is made to emphasize the significance of military worth measurements for inventory problems and to point to such measurements which are presently available. The general results and implications of these measurements are discussed.

AbstractA brief description of a new general approach to demand prediction problems is given. This is based on the demand characteristics of parent components and the parts installed in these components. A specific model is presented which employs this information. The paper concludes with empirical tests of the model.

AbstractIn recent years many large government and commercial organizations have developed large‐scale management information systems. During the early phases of any system development, questions are likely to be raised concerning the criteria of completeness and accuracy of the data. How to respond to these questions is difficult, and represents the general subject of this paper. In particular, this paper describes the application of statistical techniques, namely, various kinds of multivariate data analysis, to the problem of assessing the quality of a large‐scale data collection system in the U. S. Navy. Results of using these techniques are described and indicate their usefulness as auditing procedures. While the discussion is placed in a particular context, the procedures should be of value for other large‐scale information systems.

AbstractThis paper presents a basic loss minimization model which has been applied in varying contexts for Polaris logistics problems. Definitive results are obtained in a general framework which extends the classic newsboy problem in two principal directions. First, probability distributions for demand are unrestricted. Second, a general framework for "penalties" or "premiums" is introduced to permit formulation of possibly non‐convex loss functions. The main result is a constructive existence theorem for minimum values of these general expected loss functions.

AbstractOne of the major requirements for military systems has been the need for a measure of the relative importance of stocking one item rather than another. The present study develops one such system which has been implemented for the Polaris weapons system. Considerable emphasis is placed on systematic development of underlying principles. It is concluded that the present approach could readily be adapted to other weapons systems.