Suchergebnisse

Die Verfasserin beschäftigt sich mit der Reaktion der israelischen Gesellschaft auf die Überlebenden des Holocaust und mit den Veränderungen, die sich diesbezüglich in der Zeit vom Ende des Zweiten Weltkriegs bis heute vollzogen haben. Der Staat Israel bot den Überlebenden des Holocaust wohl Zuflucht, die Möglichkeit einer neuen Identität und die Möglichkeit, ein neues Leben aufzubauen, aber er verlangte dafür, daß sie ihre frühere Identität, vor allem ihre Holocaust-Erfahrungen, ablegten und alle emotionalen Probleme, die der Holocaust schuf, verdrängten. Die Historiker haben mit der Wirkung des Eichmann-Prozesses 1961 den Beginn einer dramatischen Kehrtwende in der Einstellung der Israeli zum Holocaust festgestellt. Auch die Psychologen und Psychiater begannen, die Holocaust-Überlebenden mit ihren Problemen zu akzeptieren. Der Verfasser stellt drei Erklärungen für dieses Time-Lag zur Diskussion: (1) soziokulturelle Befangenheit; (2) Folgen bestimmter psychologischer Theorien; (3) universale Schwierigkeiten bei der Anerkennung der Leiden von Trauma-Opfern. (ICE)

Mate selection is often explained by either the homogeneity or the complementary need model. The Stimulus-Value-Response (SVR) model that offers a framework for integration of the two models was assessed in the present study. The sample included forty-eight engaged Israeli couples.
Results support the SVR model and confirm earlier research in this area. Conceptual and methodological issues are discussed.

The article examines the associations between political ideology and level of psychological symptoms in youth exposed to terror attacks. The study included 2,999 7th to 10th graders from various parts of Israel. Political ideology was examined in two ways: (a) as a content dimension: "political stand"—holding right, centrist, or left wing views and (b) as a content-free dimension: "ideological commitment"—which measured the strength of the political ideology regardless of its content. Findings indicated that youth holding right wing beliefs reported less distress. However, strong ideological commitment was associated with higher levels of symptoms, regardless of the political stand. The discussion concerns the differentiated role of content and content-free dimensions of a political ideology and its implication in psychological distress in the wake of political terror.

The current study aimed to examine the implications of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and emotional sharing in marital adjustment and parental functioning among Israeli veterans of the 1982 Lebanon War. The sample consisted of combat stress reaction (CSR) veterans ( n = 264) and non-CSR veterans ( n = 209). Results show that traumatized veterans reported lower levels of marital adjustment and more problems in parental functioning. Furthermore, higher levels of posttraumatic symptoms, especially avoidance symptoms, were related to a decrease in marital adjustment and parental functioning. Most important, emotional sharing was found to moderate the relation between posttraumatic stress disorder severity and parental functioning. Possible explanations, limitations of the current study, and recommendations for future research are presented.

Self-Report (SR) measures are widely used in the evaluation of therapeutic interventions. The limitations of such measures have been only partly recognized. This article reports on the evaluation of a treatment program for war veterans suffering from Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in which a battery of SR measures was applied. The repeated administration of SR instruments showed no improvement, even some deterioration, in symptoms and social functioning. These outcomes conflict with the evaluation of the program by participants and therapists. Various interpretations of the conflicting findings are offered, among them the possible direct effects of treatment on responses to SR instruments. These effects may distort the true impact of the treatment on the subjects' behaviors and well-being.

AbstractObjectivesSleep is necessary for brain function as well as physical and cognitive processes. Sleep disruptions, common with aging, intensify among trauma survivors. Moreover, former prisoners-of-war (ex-POWs) often experience premature aging. This study investigates the longitudinal effects of sleep disruptions for ex-POWs in relation to cognitive performance and telomere length as well as between cognition and telomeres.MethodThis study included Israeli veterans from the 1973 Yom Kippur War who participated in four assessments (1991, 2003, 2008, 2015): (a) ex-POWs (n = 99), and (b) veterans who not were captured (controls) (n = 101). Among both groups, sleep disruptions were assessed using a self-report item in all four assessments. Cognitive performance was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) and telomere length was assessed via total white blood cells (leukocytes) from whole blood samples using Southern blot, both were measured only among ex-POWs in 2015. We conducted descriptive statistics, repeated measures, correlations, and path analyses.ResultsSleep disruptions were related to lower cognitive performance but not to shorter telomeres. Moreover, cognitive performance and telomere length were found to be related when sleep disruptions were taken into consideration.ConclusionInterpersonal trauma was shown to be a unique experience resulting in sleep disruptions over time, leading to cognitive impairment. These findings highlight the importance of viewing trauma survivors at high-risk for sleep disruptions. Therefore, it is imperative to inquire about sleep and diagnose cognitive disorders to help identify and treat premature aging.