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The proportion of children living in single‐parent households has risen dramatically during the past two decades. Approximately half of these children live in poverty. A major factor in this impoverishment is non‐custodial parents'failure to provide child support. Much is known about child support behavior from the custodial parent's perspective, but little research has focused on the noncustodial parent's perspective. The Survey of Absent Parents (SOAP) was initiated to remedy this gap. This paper describes the results of the SOAP pilot survey of linked custodial and non‐custodial parents in three counties in Florida and three counties in Ohio. It reports the results of multivariate analyses of the predictors of (i) child support award levels, (ii) child support payments as reported by custodial and non‐custodial parents, and (Hi) compliance with child support awards as reported by custodial and non‐custodial parents. The results indicate that custodial and non‐custodial parents have very different perspectives on how much child support is paid. The main factors predicting payments across these two populations are (i) the non‐custodial parent's situation measured by his current income and marital status, (ii) the custodial parent's situation measured by her current income–excluding child support payments–and marital status, (Hi) program interventions such as formulas used to set award levels, payment through the court, and wage withholding, and (iv) the warmth of the relationships between the former partners and between the father and the child.

In household telephone surveys, a long field period may be required to maximize the response rate and achieve adequate sample sizes. However, long field periods can be problematic when measures of seasonally affected behavior are sought. Surveys of child care use are one example because child care arrangements vary by season. Options include varying the questions posed about school-year and summer arrangements or posing retrospective questions about child care use for the school year only. This article evaluates the bias associated with the use of retrospective questions about school-year child care arrangements in the 1999 National Survey of America's Families. The authors find little evidence of bias and hence recommend that future surveys use the retrospective approach.

Data were drawn from 845 males in the National Survey of Adolescent Males who were initially aged 15-17, and followed-up 2.5 and 4.5 years later, to their early twenties. Mixed-effects regression models (MRM) and semiparametric trajectory analyses (STA) modeled patterns of change in masculinity attitudes at the individual and group levels, guided by gender intensification theory and cognitive-developmental theory. Overall, men's masculinity attitudes became significantly less traditional between middle adolescence and early adulthood. In MRM analyses using time-varying covariates, maintaining paternal coresidence and continuing to have first sex in uncommitted heterosexual relationships were significantly associated with masculinity attitudes remaining relatively traditional. The STA modeling identified three distinct patterns of change in masculinity attitudes. A traditional-liberalizing trajectory of masculinity attitudes was most prevalent, followed by traditional-stable and nontraditional-stable trajectories. Implications for gender intensification and cognitive-developmental approaches to masculinity attitudes are discussed.

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- Part I. Identity Development -- 1. Hmong American Masculinities -- 2. Frames of Self -- 3. Boys in Men's Clothing -- 4. A Relational Perspective on Adolescent Boys' Identity Development -- Part II. Family Relationships -- 5. Experiences of Trust with Parents -- 6. Psychological Well-Being, School Adjustment, and Problem Behavior among Chinese Adolescent Boys from Poor Families -- 7. The Role of Father Support in the Prediction of Suicidal Ideation among Black Adolescent Males -- Part III. Friends and Peers -- 8. Intimacy, Desire, and Distrust in the Friendships of Adolescent Boys -- 9. Peer Relationships among Chinese Boys -- 10. The Influence of Peer Experiences on Bravado Attitudes among African American Males -- Part IV. Sexuality and Romantic Relationships -- 11. Getting Close, Staying Cool -- 12. Adolescent Boys' Heterosexual Behavior -- 13. Boy-on-Boy Sexuality -- Part V. Schooling -- 14. Immigrant Boys' Experiences in U.S. Schools -- 15. Understanding the Exceptions -- 16. From Preschool to Middle School -- About the Contributors -- Index