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The article explains the historical, constitutional, and political forces that have influenced, and will continue to influence, the evolution of Japan's peacekeeping efforts. It also discusses the domestic, regional, and international realities that will probably influence Japan's peacekeeping policies. (DÜI-Sen)

Abstract: The end of the cold war opened up new opportunities for the United Nations, through international peacekeeping, to exercise greater responsibility for the maintenance of international security. Thus, the UN has been increasing its demands on member-states to provide economic and humanitarian resources as well as dispatch troops for peacekeeping operations (PKO). Japan's interest in PKO actually dates from its UN membership in 1956. This interest has evolved into an aspiration to become a permanent member of the UN Security Council. The Gulf War provided Japan with an impetus and momentum to break out of its psychological cocoon and constitutional restraints, and dispatch its troops overseas for the first time since the Second World War. This decision was the result of a painful and time-consuming process because of the complications posed by policy divergencies, the constitutional barrier, and issues of public support. However, for Japan, the decision has now become the foundation of efforts to realize a cherished dream—to ascend to permanent membership on the Security Council. This article begins by sketching the history of Japan's involvement in UN PKO. The constitutionality of the International Peace Cooperation Law (or "PKO Law") is analyzed. Domestic and external factors affecting Japan's participation in PKO are examined next. Finally, the article explores Japan's contributions to PKO in order to consider the nature and direction of its future involvement in international peacekeeping.