Suchergebnisse

Ever since 1988 when Mr. Deng Xiaoping, the chief architect of the reform and opening-up policy, proposed that "science and technology are the primary produc-tive forces", China emphasized the contribution of science and technology to the development of economy and society. Therefore, science and technology associa-tions (S&T associations,科技社团, kejishetuan) organized by scientists and techni-cians have been encouraged by the government to serve the nation's development strategy. On the one hand, the integration of science and public affairs calls for the collaboration between the government and S&T associations in order to implement the administrative reform that limits the government and optimizes government functions. On the other hand, in the international innovation-oriented competition, the construction of an innovative country also depends on S&T associations to take over the tasks of gathering science and technology talents and improving science literacy of the entire population.

Social justice is an important tenet of China's process of reform and openness. During its current rapid economic transition, urbanization is creating new opportunities and new challenges for maintaining social justice based on individual rights. Community-building has become an important priority during urbanization in China's transition. Both the theoretical literature and the activities of citizens illustrate the efforts made by both urban and rural citizens. In order to maintain social justice during the transition, China must break down the dual-citizenship system established by the hukou system of division between urban and rural citizens. Citizens in communities should participate in public policy-making processes without such classification. Current activities across China demonstrate that efforts toward such equality have been initiated.