Suchergebnisse

Sharing knowledge with oneself of a defect: five centuries from the Greek playwrights and Plato to St. Paul and first-century pagans --Christian appropriation and Platonist developments, third to sixth centuries CE --Early Christianity and freedom of religion, 200-400 CE --Doubled conscience and dilemmas of double bind: a medieval insight and a twelfth-century misconstrual? --Penitence for bad conscience in pagans and Christians, first to thirteenth centuries --Protesters and Protestants: "terrorization" of conscience and two senses of "freedom" of conscience, fourteenth to sixteenth centuries --Advice on particular moral dilemmas: casuistry, mid-sixteenth to mid-seventeenth centuries --Freedom of conscience and the individual: seventeenth-century England and Holland --Four rehabilitations of conscience and connection with sentiment: eighteenth century --Critics and champions of conscience and its continuing resecularization: nineteenth to twentieth centuries --Modern issues about conscientious objection and freedoms of conscience, religion, and speech --Retrospect: nature and value of conscience.

Clever, attractive and ambitious, intellectually daring and physically courageous, Cornelia Sorabji was a truly remarkable woman. As India's first female lawyer, she was original and often outspoken in her views - for example, in her criticism of Gandhi and her surprising friendship with Katherine Mayo. Cornelia Sorabji resists easy classification, either as a feminist or as an imperialist. She is an Indian whose loyalty to the British Raj never wavered; a passionate advocate of women's rights whose own career was nearly compromised through her inappropriate relationship with a married man; an

AbstractI have argued elsewhere that in past history, freedom of speech, whether granted to few or many, was granted as bestowing some important benefit. John Stuart Mill, for example, in On Liberty, saw it as enabling us to learn from each other through discussion. By the test of benefit, I here argue that social media that are funded through trade in our personal data with advertisers, including propagandists, cannot claim to be supporting free speech. We lose our freedoms, if the personal data we entrust to online social media are used to target us with information, or disinformation, tailored as persuasive to different personalities, in order to maximize revenue from advertisers or propagandists. Among the serious consequences described, particularly dangerous because of its effect on democracy, is the use of such targeted advertisements to swing voting campaigns. Control is needed both of the social media and of any political parties that pay social media for differential targeting of voters based on personality. Using UK government documents, I recommend legislation for reform and enforcement.

The Ethics of War traces how different cultures involved in present conflicts have addressed problems over the centuries. Distinguished authors reflect how the Greco-Roman world, Byzantium, the Christian just war tradition, Islam, Judaism, Hinduism and the Geneva Conventions have addressed recurrent ethical issues of war. Cutting edge essays by prominent modern theorists address vital contemporary issues including asymmetric war, preventive war, human rights and humanitarian intervention.

"This book on freedom of speech and expression starts (Chapter 1) with an inter-cultural history of this valued right through the ages and then recalls (Chapter 2) the benefits for which we rightly value it. But what about speech that frustrates these benefits? Supporters of the benefits of free speech have reason to exercise voluntary self-restraint on speech which frustrates the benefits. They should also cultivate a second remedy: the art, illustrated in chapter 1, and called by Gandhi the art of 'opening ears', by other kinds of speech and conduct. Such voluntary methods are to be preferred to legal constraints. But (chapter 3) legal constraint is sometimes necessary. In the 21st century, social media funding based on manipulation of personal speech data requires skilful legislation and enforcement in favour of social media that protect our freedoms"--