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International audience ; During the last centuries B.C., we can find traces in Sicily of competition between the sanctuary ofVenus and that of Ceres: although the religious aspects, together with the literary descriptions of the Verrinesand the Diodorean work, were well studied, a comprehensive and systematic historical analysis explaining thiscompetition is lacking. This article therefore aims to re-examine from a historical point of view the sourcesthat inform us about worship related to the two sanctuaries under Roman rule, as well as to determine thepolitical and economic interests that they had for the Sicilians and the Romans. ; On trouve trace en Sicile d'une compétition entre le sanctuaire de Vénus et celui de Cérès pendantles derniers siècles av. J.-C. : les aspects religieux, tout comme les descriptions littéraires des Verrines et del'oeuvre diodoréenne, en ont été bien étudiés mais on déplore l'absence d'une analyse historique détaillée etsystématique qui explique cette compétition. Cet article vise donc à réexaminer d'un point de vue historiqueles sources qui nous renseignent sur les cultes liés aux deux sanctuaires soumis à la domination romaine et àdéterminer les enjeux politiques et économiques qu'ils représentaient pour les Siciliens et les Romains.

There is a competition in Sicily between the sanctuary of Venus and that of Cérès in the last centuries BC: the religious aspects, as well as the literary descriptions of verrines and the diodorean work, have been studied well, but there is a lack of detailed and systematic historical analysis that explains this competition. The purpose of this article is therefore to review from a historical viewpoint the sources which tell us about the cults associated with the two sanctuaries subject to Roman domination and to determine the political and economic stakes they represent for the Sicilian and Romans. ; International audience During the last centuries B.C., we can find traces in Sicily of competition between the sanctuary ofVenus and that of Ceres: although the religious aspects, together with the literary descriptions of the Verrinesand the Diodorean work, were well studied, a comprehensive and systematic historical analysis explaining thiscompetition is lacking. This article therefore aims to re-examine from a historical point of view the sourcesthat inform us about worship related to the two sanctuaries under Roman rule, as well as to determine thepolitical and economic interests that they had for the Sicilians and the Romans. ; There is a competition in Sicily between the sanctuary of Venus and that of Cérès in the last centuries BC: the religious aspects, as well as the literary descriptions of verrines and the diodorean work, have been studied well, but there is a lack of detailed and systematic historical analysis that explains this competition. The purpose of this article is therefore to review from a historical viewpoint the sources which tell us about the cults associated with the two sanctuaries subject to Roman domination and to determine the political and economic stakes they represent for the Sicilian and Romans. ; On trouve trace en Sicile d'une compétition entre le sanctuaire de Vénus et celui de Cérès pendantles derniers siècles av. J.-C. : les aspects religieux, tout comme les descriptions ...

Il presente lavoro intende gettare nuova luce sulle testimonianze riferibili alla Sicilia nel corso degli anni 284-324 d.C., quando, per motivi economici, sociali e politici, l'isola divenne particolarmente importante agli occhi della nobilitas e degli stessi imperatori, che ne affidarono l'amministrazione, alla stregua delle altre province italiche e diversamente da Sardegna e Corsica, a correctores. Le dediche siciliane a noi pervenute, erette in onore degli imperatori e risalenti a tale periodo, sembrano essere state poste in un primo momento dalle città e in seguito dai governatori; questa differenza dipende, a nostro avviso, non tanto dalla casualità dei ritrovamenti, quanto da un preciso cambiamento politico e culturale: con l'avvento al potere di Costantino, le città preferiscono onorare i correctores, da cui più immediatamente dipendeva il benessere pubblico, piuttosto che gli imperatori, i quali, invece, vengono celebrati dai governatori stessi, che cercano di accattivarsene il favore. Un'attenta disamina dei correctores finora noti ci ha consentito, d'altro canto, di constatare come essi appartenessero ad un gruppo ristretto di gentes (i Calvisii, i Valerii, i Domitii), alcune delle quali possedevano certamente proprietà terriere nell'isola, a riprova della connessione tra ricchezza patrimoniale ed esercizio di pubbliche funzioni. Il governatore aveva sede, come sempre, a Siracusa, ma più volte trasferì la sua residenza a Catania, centro all'epoca ugualmente importante: tra le due città doveva esistere una rivalità che poteva tradursi in una temporanea variazione della sede del governatore, dovuta certo a circostanze eccezionali, ma possibile proprio in virtù del pari prestigio rivestito da entrambe.This paper aims at shedding new light on the testimonies about Sicily between 284 and 324 A.D., when the island became very important for economic, social and political reasons for the nobilitas and even the imperators, who entrusted the administration to correctores, like the other italic provinces and unlike the way they handled Sardinia and Corsica. The Sicilian dedications that have survived up till now, erected in honour of the imperators throughout these years, appear to be erected firstly by the cities and secondly by the governors; this difference depends, in our opinion, not only on the fortuity of the excavations, but also on a precise political and cultural change: when Constantine become emperor, the cities prefer to honour the correctores, on whom public welfare closely depended, more than the emperors, who are celebrated, on the contrary, by the governors, who try to ingratiate their favour. Otherwise, a careful analysis of the correctores that we have collected up till now has allowed us to observe that they were part of a small group of gentes (Calvisii, Valerii, Domitii), some of whom certainly had island properties, proof of the connection between property wealth and performance of public duties. The seat of the governor was Syracuse, but it was often transferred to Catania, which was as important at that time: between the two cities rivalry must have surely existed and it could mean a temporary change of the seat of the governor, caused by exceptional circumstances, but made possible in virtue of the equal prestige of the two cities.

La ricerca della conformità costante tra pensiero e azioni ha da sempre costituito il fondamento dell'educazione nel mondo romano, molto attento all'importanza dell'esempio personale per una corretta formazione umana e culturale dell'individuo. Il presente lavoro focalizza l'attenzione sulla figura dell'imperatore Giuliano, la cui adesione al paganesimo dovette essere stata incentivata, tra l'altro, dal disgusto nei confronti del comportamento dei cristiani a lui più vicini, che professavano il vangelo dell'amore ma nella pratica ne disattendevano i precetti. Il problema della coerenza tra vita e dottrina influenzò anche la politica scolastica di Giuliano, il quale volle selezionare i docenti sulla base della probità dei costumi, richiedendo loro l'adesione alla fede negli dei patri che sola si accordava con l'insegnamento dei classici in uso nelle scuole.The Roman world always endeavoured to foster consistency in thought and action as a basic pedagogical principle since it firmly believed that personal example was vital to achieve appropriate human and cultural formation of the individual. This paper deals with the case of emperor Julian, whose conversion to paganism must have also been motivated by the disgusting behaviour of his Christian relatives, who professed love as taught in the Gospel but practically didn't follow its precepts. The problem of consistency between life and thought influenced Julian's school policy too; he wanted to choose the teachers who had proper morals and believed in the pagan gods, because he thought that only pagan professors could teach the pagan works.