Suchergebnisse

Intro -- Contents -- Social Aspects of Applied Human Genetics -- Recent Developments in Clinical Genetics -- Human Genetics in Medical Practice: A Review and Analysis -- Public Knowledge and Use of Medical Genetics -- The Nature and Scope of Genetic Counseling -- The Role of the Genetic Counselor -- The Delivery of Genetic Counseling -- Reproductive Decisions after Counseling -- Areas of Needed Research -- The Social Organization of Medical Genetics -- Genetics Counselors -- Clients of Genetic Counseling -- Legal Considerations -- Economic Aspects of Applied Genetics -- References

A laboratory study utilizing sixteen three-man groups varying in member trait composition was executed using measures of group task behavior as well as group performance. The research suggests the fruitfulness of employing measures of group composition, task behavior, and group performance simultaneously. The data suggest that the two group member traits studied, remote associates proficiency and social differentiation had an effect on group performance by shaping the quantity and distribution of both evaluative and elaborative behaviors of the groups. The traits also had an effect on group performance by molding the amount of group conflict generated over the discussion of alternative solutions to group problems.

Participant understanding is of particular concern when obtaining informed consent. Recommendations for improving understanding include disclosing information using culturally-appropriate and innovative approaches. To increase the effectiveness of the consent process for a clinical trial in Malawi on interventions to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV during breastfeeding, formative research was conducted to explore the community's understanding of medical research as well as how to explain research through local terms and meanings. Contextual analogies and other approaches were identified to explain consent information. Guided by theory, strategies for developing culturally appropriate interventions, and recommendations from the literature, we demonstrate how the formative data were used to develop culturally appropriate counseling cards specifically for the trial in Malawi. With appropriate contextual modifications, the steps outlined here could be applied in other clinical trials conducted elsewhere, as well as in other types of research.