Suchergebnisse

1. The premises, 1830-1900 -- 2. Old diplomacy a la russe, 1868-1902 -- 3. The new ambassador and his objectives, 1902-1904 -- 4. The Russo-Japanese War, 1904-1905 -- 5. The Anglo-Russian rapprochement, 1905-1907 -- 6. The school of compromise, 1907-1908 -- 7. Balance abandoned, 1908-1910 -- 8. Waiting for an August war, 1910-1913 -- 9. The price of an alliance, 1914-1917.

The infrequent publications about women's agency in European diplomacy have concerned themselves with either the early modern age or the post-World War I period, but women remain virtually absent from the diplomatic history of the long nineteenth century. To determine their place in the European political world of this period, this article examines the experiences of four Russian diplomats' wives. The biographical approach reveals contradictions in patriarchal discourse: it required a diplomat's wife to be worthy of her role as a representative of the Russian Empire, yet effectively dismissed her from politics. From this another contradiction ensued: as a diplomat's wife played no political role, the ministry turned a blind eye if her actions challenged traditional social and gender norms, even when such actions led to the neglect of her duties as her husband's helpmeet.

The purpose of the article is to highlight different aspects of the interpretation of artistic experiments of theatrical performances based on the works of V. Vinnichenko, taking into account the general concept of their artistic and aesthetic specificity, genre and stylistic features, and the original artistic manner of the playwright. The research methodology consists in the application of the cultural-historical method to analyze the interpretation of V. Vinnichenko's dramatic works, peculiar key creative processes, director's interpretations of his plays as future stage forms; art history method for comprehending the artistic and creative activities of a playwright in the context of evolution and progressive ideas in the art of theater; a modeling method for analyzing the model-setting of a specific period of the playwright's work; a structural-functional method for the study of the main guidelines in the organization of the creative process over a stage work. The scientific novelty of the research lies in carrying out a figurative-stylistic, artistic compositional analysis of the evolutionary process of V. Vinnichenko's creativity as a modernist playwright of the early twentieth century. Conclusions. There is every reason to state that the appearance of the figure of V. Vynnychenko was an extraordinary event: his phenomenon also lies in the fact that he is one of the few in Ukrainian and world literature who became a classic during his lifetime. Based on a comparison of literary sources and performances, it can be noted that there was an experiment and a search for new stage forms. And the peculiarities of the interpretation of V. Vinnichenko's works in the Ukrainian theater lie in the fact that it was determined by different components of the stage performance, as well as the socio-historical and cultural contexts of the life of Ukraine, which determined the experiments, methods, and forms of interpretation of the literary basis.
Keywords: V. Vinnichenko, playwright, theater, director, performance.