Suchergebnisse

Prezentowany artykuł jest polemiką z tekstem Izabeli Wagner (Selektywna analiza problemu publikacji humanistów i przedstawicieli nauk społecznych w języku angielskim, "Przegląd Socjologii Jakościowej", 2012, t. 8, nr 1, s. 166–187). Jeden z głównych wątków tej publikacji dotyczył procesu recenzyjnego w zagranicznych czasopismach naukowych, który Wagner – na podstawie swojego jednostkowego doświadczenia z czasopismem amerykańskim – przedstawiła w sposób bardzo negatywny. Jednak ani autor tej polemiki, ani inni znani mu polscy badacze publikujący artykuły z zakresu nauk społecznych właściwie nie spotkali się z opisanymi przez Wagner problemami. Przekazanie tej informacji czytelnikom PSJ-otu wydaje mi się o tyle istotne, iż jednostronne, pejoratywne przedstawienie procesu recenzji przez Wagner może powodować uprzedzenia polskich naukowców wobec prób publikacji w czasopismach międzynarodowych. W polemice tej wyjaśniam ponadto szczegółowo proces przyznawania przez MNiSW punktów czasopismom zagranicznym (którego nieznajomość może rodzić wiele nieporozumień), opisuję możliwości postępowania wobec opisanych przez Wagner nieetycznych zachowań redaktora czasopisma, a także ustosunkowuję się do rad autorki dotyczących kariery międzynarodowej i proponowanych przez nią strategii publikacyjnych.

The perception of time plays a fundamental role in the organisation of basic psychological processes, and as such may also influence migrants' psychological wellbeing. This paper investigates the relationship between the perception of time and immigrants' psychological adaptation (i.e., affective aspects of migration) based on a sample of 238 Ukrainians residing in Poland. To assess time perception, we drew primarily from time perspective theory, which defines time perspective as a measure of the degree to which individuals non-consciously construe the past, the present, and the future. Psychological adaptation was assessed, focusing on participants' basic psychological needs satisfaction, their satisfaction with life, and their psychological condition. We observed a relatively strong negative relationship between negative past and fatalistic present time perspectives and psychological adaptation. Additionally, we found that a more balanced and less negative temporal profile was related to significantly better psychological adaptation of immigrants. We discuss these results in light of the cultural validity of time perspective theory, the destructive impact of negative time perspective on migrants' psychological wellbeing, and the potential applications of time perspective-based therapy in integration interventions for immigrants.

Cover -- Half Title -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1 Texts, Statistics, and Deception -- 2 A Monkey, a Book, and Facebook, or How to Catch a Story in the Act -- 3 Does It Matter If It Is True? -- 4 Does It Matter How It Is Told? -- 5 Does It Matter Who It Is About? -- 6 How Does It Work? -- 7 How Long Will It Work? -- Conclusions, Speculations, and Prospects -- Appendices -- Index

The power of stories to raise our concern for animals has been postulated throughout history by countless scholars, activists, and writers, including such greats as Thomas Hardy and Leo Tolstoy. This is the first book to investigate that power and explain the psychological and cultural mechanisms behind it. It does so by presenting the results of an experimental project that involved thousands of participants, texts representing various genres and national literatures, and the cooperation of an internationally-acclaimed bestselling author. Combining psychological research with insights from animal studies, ecocriticism and other fields in the environmental humanities, the book not only provides evidence that animal stories can make us care for other species, but also shows that their effects are more complex and fascinating than we have ever thought. In this way, the book makes a groundbreaking contribution to the study of relations between literature and the nonhuman world as well as to the study of how literature changes our minds and society.

AbstractSubsequent to the arrival of SARS-CoV-2 and emergence of COVID-19, policy to limit the further spread has focused on increasing distance between individuals when interacting, often termed social distancing although physical distancing is more accurate (Das Gupta and Wong in Canadian J Public Health 111:488–489, 2020; Gale in Is 'social distancing' the wrong term? Expert prefers 'physical distancing,' and the WHO agrees. The Washington Post, 2020; Sørensen et al. in Glob Health Promot, 28:5–14, 2021), and limiting the frequency of interaction by limiting/prohibiting non-essential and large-scale social gatherings. This research note focuses on social spacing, defined by distance and interaction, to offer a cross-cultural insight into social distancing and social interactions in the pre-pandemic period. Combining unique data on frequency of contact, religious service attendance and preferred interpersonal spacing in 20 countries, this research note considers variation in the extent to which physical distance was already practiced without official recommendations and underscores notable cross-cultural variation in the extent to which social interaction occurred. Results suggest that policy intervention should emphasize certain behavioral changes based on pre-existing context-specific patterns of interaction and interpersonal spacing rather than a one-size-fits-all approach. This research note is a descriptive first step that allows unique insight into social spacing and contact prior to the spread of SARS-CoV-2. It provides a baseline typology and a reference for future work on the cross-cultural implications of COVID-19 for pre-pandemic socio-cultural practice and vice versa.

W prezentowanych badaniach sprawdzono, czy na ocenę wzrostu władcy może wpływać informacja o jego "historycznej wielkości". W eksperymencie I manipulowano sukcesami, które osiągnął Baure (panujący w Egipcie około 2500 lat p.n.e.), i uzyskano 10 cm różnicy w ocenie wzrostu "sprawnego" i "nieudolnego" władcy. W eksperymencie II porównano szacowany wzrost najbardziej cenionych i najgorszych polskich królów: "wielkich" badani uważali za istotnie wyższych od przedstawianych jako nieudolni. Wyniki te sugerują, że osoby sprawujące władzę są spostrzegane jako wyższe, ale tylko gdy rządzą dobrze.

AbstractRecent work has demonstrated that human body odour alters with changing emotional state and that emotionally laden odours can affect the physiology and behaviour of people exposed to them. Here we review these discoveries, which we believe add to a growing recognition that the human sense of smell and its potential role in social interactions have been underappreciated. However, we also critically evaluate the current evidence, with a particular focus on methodology and the interpretation of emotional odour studies. We argue that while the evidence convincingly indicates that humans retain a capacity for olfactory communication of emotion, the extent to which this occurs in ordinary social interaction remains an open question. Future studies should place fewer restrictions on participant selection and lifestyle and adopt more realistic experimental designs. We also need to devote more consideration to underlying mechanisms and to recognise the constraints that these may place on effective communication. Finally, we outline some promising approaches to address these issues, and raise some broader theoretical questions that such approaches may help us to answer.