The contemporary rhythms of life and constant interaction with technology had favored the emergence of new resources for psychoanalytic work at a distance. However, the COVID-19 pandemic forced the speed of some changes to accelerate: resources used for teaching or exceptional cases, suddenly become overcrowded in the face of restrictions on physical contact. This leads to think the clinic and its borders, starting from a different configuration of the analytical field, being conditioned the communications by ways that do not cover all forms of the face-to-face, having to consider new criteria and limitations for this modality of work, which could represent a different analytical situation, marked in many cases by the cross-cultural and the migrations of patients and analysts.
El aguacate es un cultivo prehispánico que es llamado silvestre por su reproducción a orillas de fuentes hídricas, el tipo de clima y suelo han generado una amplia gama de variedades. El municipio de Comonfort en el estado de Guanajuato cuenta con una historia de cultivo de aguacate, debido a que se encuentra rodeado de un río y dos arroyos. Para 2019, un grupo de productores se unió con la intención de conformarse como un ente empresarial con mecanismos apropiados para la administración de sus recursos y así eficientizar los esfuerzos del recurso humano disponible en el grupo. Por lo que, se hizo necesario detectar con un diagnóstico, las capacidades administrativas de oportunidad sobre las que ya trabajan de forma empírica, que respondan de manera efectiva a la idea del futuro desarrollo que buscan alcanzar y con ello, generar una radiografía de los rasgos presentes y ausentes en el grupo, a través de un estudio descriptivo correlacional. Para la investigación, se elaboró un instrumento personalizado aplicando herramientas de diagnósticos organizacionales, tomándose como variables independientes las áreas de la planificación estratégica y como variables moderadoras la edad, el género y la antigüedad en el cultivo de aguacate. Los resultados arrojaron que las áreas de la planificación estratégica presentes en el grupo son los objetivos estratégicos, las estrategias genéricas, la planeación táctica, el plan estratégico y la implementación. Sin embargo, las otras áreas presentaron debilidad o no figuran dentro de los intentos de trabajo que realizan actualmente. Infiriendo que, al no contar con una visión estratégica definida, no hay claridad de dirección para el trabajo que realizan. No obstante, al definir objetivos y estrategias tiene capacidad de trabajar conjuntamente. Con los resultados, pueden reforzar las áreas débiles para en un futuro cercano poder elaborar la planeación estratégica y así, iniciar operaciones como nueva organización.
Indicators for quality of schooling are not only relatively new in the world but also unavailable for a sizable share of the world's population. In their absence, some proxy measures have been devised. One simple but powerful idea has been to use the schooling premium for migrant workers in the U.S. (Bratsberg and Terrell 2002). In this paper we extend this idea and compute measures for the schooling premium of immigrant workers in the U.S over a span of five decades. Focusing on those who graduated from either secondary or tertiary education in Latin American countries, we present comparative estimates of the evolution of such premia for both schooling levels. The results show that the schooling premia in Latin America have been steadily low throughout the whole period of analysis. The results stand after controlling for selective migration in different ways. This contradicts the popular belief in policy circles that the education quality of the region has deteriorated in recent years. In contrast, schooling premium in India shows an impressive improvement in recent decades, especially at the tertiary level.
Artículo de revista ; The Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF), the centrepiece of the Next Generation EU (NGEU) instrument, has become the European Union (EU) economic policy coordination priority. This has made it necessary to temporarily simplify the European Semester. To gain access to the RRF, the Member States (MSs) have to set out the investments and reforms to which the funds will be assigned in their national recovery and resilience plans (RRPs) and which must be aimed fundamentally at responding to climate change-related challenges, digitalisation, the strengthening of human capital and public sector efficiency. The assessment of these plans by the European Commission (EC) will be central to the EU annual economic policy coordination cycle within the European Semester, which retains the habitual Excessive Deficit and Macroeconomic Imbalance procedures.
México es el principal exportador de mango a los EE. UU. Sin embargo, entre 1991 y 2016 perdió participación de este mercado principalmente por la exportación de Ecuador, Perú y Brasil. Para analizar la situación, se representó el mercado de exportación de mango mexicano a EE. UU. en un modelo econométrico y con base en la estimación de la flexibilidad precio de la demanda se realizó un análisis de equilibrio parcial de dos economías entre México y EE. UU. con la simulación de un incremento de 20 por ciento en la cantidad exportada. Ante un saldo positivo en el ingreso total se determinó que este incremento es viable en el sentido económico. Con el escenario simulado, y la RB/C mayor a 1 calculada para los productores de Michoacán y Sinaloa, se determinó que ante un incremento de 20% en la cantidad exportada sigue siendo rentable la producción de mango con destino a EE. UU. En lo que se refiere a Nayarit, la RB/C estimada es menor a 1, es decir, que ya no sería rentable producir mango de exportación para el mercado norteamericano.
The biology and function of NKG2H receptor, unlike the better characterized members of the NKG2 family NKG2A, NKG2C, and NKG2D, remains largely unclear. Here, we show that NKG2H is able to associate with the signaling adapter molecules DAP12 and DAP10 suggesting that this receptor can signal for cell activation. Using a recently described NKG2H-specific monoclonal antibody (mAb), we have characterized the expression and function of lymphocytes that express this receptor. NKG2H is expressed at the cell surface of a small percentage of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) and is found more frequently on T cells, rather than NK cells. Moreover, although NKG2H is likely to trigger activation, co-cross-linking of this receptor with an NKG2H-specific mAb led to decreased T cell activation and proliferation in polyclonal PBMC cultures stimulated by anti-CD3 mAbs. This negative regulatory activity was seen only after cross-linking with NKG2H, but not NKG2A- or NKG2C-specific monoclonal antibodies. The mechanism underlying this negative effect is as yet unclear, but did not depend on the release of soluble factors or recognition of MHC class I molecules. These observations raise the intriguing possibility that NKG2H may be a novel marker for T cells able to negatively regulate T cell responses. ; Work was supported by grants from the Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria (PI11/00298 and PI08/1701), MINECO (SAF2012-32293, SAF2015-69169-R, and SAF2014-58752-R), and the Regional Government of Madrid (grant S2010/BMD2326). DD was funded by an International predoctoral fellowship from La Caixa foundation.
La localidad de Puente Aranda en la ciudad de Bogotá ha sido reportada como una zona de alta contaminación atmosférica, principalmente debido a que las concentraciones de PM10 exceden los límites legislativos. Este artículo presenta una evaluación temporal y espacial de la calidad del aire en la zona industrial de la localidad de Puente Aranda mediante un laboratorio móvil de monitoreo. Los contaminantes atmosféricos medidos por el laboratorio durante el periodo de muestreo (2009/04/13-2009/12/21) fueron los siguientes: PM10, NOx, NO2, NO, SO2, CO y O3. Con respecto a la legislación colombiana, los resultados muestran que PM10 (24 horas) es el contaminante atmosférico que presenta el mayor número de excedencias durante el período de investigación (47,3%), no obstante, la evaluación de los estados excepcionales por contaminación del aire muestra que las máximas concentraciones registradas no generan un nivel de prevención; lo anterior, en contraposición con los resultados obtenidos mediante la utilización del índice de calidad del aire propuesto por la Agencia de Protección Ambiental de EE.UU. Por otro lado, los resultados sugieren una tendencia similar en el comportamiento temporal de PM10, O3 y NOx sobre la totalidad del área de investigación; es decir, probablemente por la existencia de fuentes dominantes en la zona industrial de la localidad. Finalmente, las concentraciones registradas (PM10, NO2, NOx, NO y CO) por el laboratorio móvil (zona central) son en promedio 2,30 y 2,01 veces superiores ; The locality of Puente Aranda in Bogotá has been reported as a zone of high air pollution, mainly because the PM10 concentrations exceed the legal limits. This paper presents a temporal and spatial assessment of air quality in the industrial zone of Puente Aranda locality by using a mobile laboratory of monitoring. Air pollutants measured by the laboratory during the sampling period (2009/04/13-2009/12/21) were the following: PM10, NOx, NO2, NO, SO2, CO and O3. With regard to the Colombian law, the results show that PM10 (24 hours) is the air pollutant with the highest number of exceedances during the investigation period (47.3%), however, the evaluation of the exceptional state by air pollution shows that the highest concentrations reported not generate a level of prevention; above, in contrast with the results obtained by use of the air quality index proposed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. On the other hand, the findings suggest a similar trend in the temporal behavior of PM10, O3 and NOx over the whole of the research area; that is, probably by the existence of dominant sources in the industrial area of the locality. Finally, the concentrations recorded (PM10, NO2, NOx, NO and CO) by the mobile laboratory (central area) are on average 2.30 and 2.01 times higher than those recorded by stations mobile SDA (eastern area) and fixed SDA (western area), respectively.
Purpose: Hispanic residents of multiunit housing (MUH) are disproportionately exposed to secondhand (SHS) and thirdhand tobacco smoke (THS) from neighboring apartment units and common areas. Comprehensive legislation and voluntary policies are needed to protect residents from smoke. We developed a culturally tailored bilingual fotonovela to educate Hispanic residents about SHS and THS and encourage them to talk to their neighbors and landlords about reducing smoke exposure. This article describes a randomized controlled trial of the fotonovela. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of the fotonovela on knowledge, attitudes, and behavioral intentions about reducing smoke exposure. Methods: Hispanic MUH residents (N=403) completed a survey and were randomly assigned to receive the fotonovela, a text pamphlet, or no materials. They completed a follow-up survey 6 months later. Results: Among the entire sample, there were no significant differences across the three groups in knowledge or attitudes at follow-up. However, when the analyses were restricted to respondents who actually read part or all of the booklets (77% in the fotonovela group and 71% in the text pamphlet group), there were significant differences in two of the six outcome measures; those who read the fotonovela had higher scores on self-efficacy to talk to others about smoke and positive attitudes toward advocacy actions, relative to those who read the text pamphlet. Conclusion: Results indicate that a fotonovela can be an effective tool to empower Hispanic MUH residents to advocate for voluntary smokefree policies, but more efforts are needed to encourage residents to read the materials.
