Suchergebnisse

We would like to thank Antonio Pinheiro, Hugo Almeida, and José Miguel Soares for help with the illustrations. We also thank all past and present members of our laboratories for stimulating discussions. ; Maladaptive responses to stress and the associated hypersecretion of glucocorticoids cause psychopathologies ranging from hyperemotional states and mood dysfunction to cognitive impairments. Research in both humans and animal models has begun to identify morphological correlates of these functional changes. These include dendritic and synaptic reorganization, glial remodeling, and altered cell fate in cortical and subcortical structures. The emerging view is that stress induces a disconnection syndrome' whereby the transmission and integration of information that are critical for orchestrating appropriate physiological and behavioral responses are perturbed. High-resolution spatiotemporal mapping of the complete neural circuitry and identification of the cellular processes impacted by stress will help to advance discovery of strategies to reduce or reverse the burden of stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders. ; Work in our laboratories was supported by the German Academic Exchange Service - Acções Luso-Alemãs, Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (PTDC/SAUNSC/ 111814/2009), and European Union FP7 (SwitchBox Project, Contract 259772; Neuroendocrine Immune Networks in Ageing Scientific Network, Contract ...

Attracting inward investment is a major preoccupation of policymakers worldwide, & a wide range of instruments, including direct subventions, are deployed to attract multinational enterprises (MNEs). Intervention is predicated on the assumption that there are direct productivity spillovers associated with the presence of MNEs & the policy of attracting them is targeted at capturing these externalities. Yet robust evidence on direct spillovers is hard to find. An underexplored indirect channel for productivity spillovers is via exports. Exporting firms are more productive than nonexporting firms. Thus, if the presence of MNEs results in more indigenous firms exporting, an indirect productivity spillover will result. In this paper, we identify possible transmission mechanisms for export spillovers & test for their existence on a large panel of firms in the UK. Our results confirm positive spillover effects from MNEs on the decision to export of UK-owned firms as well as on their export propensity. 3 Tables, 2 Appendixes, 25 References. [Copyright 2004 Elsevier B.V.]

Apesar da existência de um enquadramento legal de protecção da igualdade de género na sociedade portuguesa, várias realidades sociais opõem-se a este princípio democrático, nomeadamente as que dizem respeito ao âmbito do emprego onde várias práticas discriminatórias continuam a reproduzir-se. Foram encontrados vários obstáculos e discriminações enfrentadas pelas mulheres no seu trabalho, tendo esta pesquisa sido uma tentativa de compreender de forma global a questão das desigualdades de género na sociedade duriense e a sua relação com o potencial que o turismo representa como fator de empoderamento das mulheres. O software MAXQDA 2018 foi utilizado para a análise dos dados, tendo emergido seis temas gerais: condicionamento; experiência na política local; igualdade de género; políticas de apoio ao empreendedorismo local; mercado de trabalho; estereótipos de género. É possível perceber a influência dos condicionamentos sociais, culturais, educacionais e políticos na participação das mulheres no mercado de trabalho local. Embora seja evidente a importância e dinamismo do turismo na região do Douro é invisível o aumento do emprego e de novas oportunidades para a população local e o consequente reforço da discriminação de género como uma realidade para a procura turística. A compreensão dessa realidade alerta para a necessidade de resguardar o princípio legal e moral do direito à igualdade de género.

Neste estudo procurou-se mapear a produção de artigos científicos com foco no subcampo científico do turismo na região do Douro, tentando compreender os aspetos e dimensões que têm vindo a ser destacados e privilegiados na produção indexada nas bases de dados WoS e Scopus, entre 2000 e 2018. Pretende-se assim, apresentar uma visão sobre a produção científica que explora uma região turística emergente, servindo de base para futuras investigações académicas do turismo no Douro. De um modo geral, uma parte dos estudos enquadra-se na perspetiva do turismo enquanto motor de desenvolvimento regional. Ficou claro que o número de publicações nestas revistas com indexação tem aumentado significativamente desde o ano de 2013. Persiste uma tendência de os autores explorarem temas relacionados com gestão, network e marketing. Destacam-se ainda, estudos recentes na área das novas tecnologias, que visam melhorar a experiência dos visitantes da região.

ResumenEn las dos últimas décadas, el empleo sostenido por las exportaciones extracomunitarias de bienes y servicios ha crecido considerablemente en la UE, con un giro hacia el empleo sostenido por los servicios exportados como parte de productos manufacturados. Para estudiar este fenómeno, los autores descomponen totalmente los flujos comerciales de 40 países y 35 sectores durante el periodo 1995–2011 utilizando un modelo input‐output multirregional y la base de datos mundial input‐output (WIOD). Los resultados indican que los cuatro modos de suministro de servicios tradicionales del Acuerdo General sobre el Comercio de Servicios deberían revisarse para adecuarlos a la nueva realidad del comercio mundial.

RésuméDans l'UE, l'emploi lié aux exportations extracommunautaires de biens et de services a augmenté sensiblement ces dernières décennies, et la contribution à cet emploi des services incorporés dans des articles manufacturés s'est élevée. Pour mieux comprendre le phénomène, les auteurs procèdent à une décomposition systématique des flux commerciaux, en utilisant un modèle entrées‐sorties multirégional et des données de la base WIOD. L'analyse porte sur 40 pays et 35 branches d'activité, suivis de 1995 à 2011. Elle tend à remettre en question la classification en quatre modes de fourniture de services de l'Accord général sur le commerce des services, qui ne reflète plus la réalité actuelle.

AbstractOver the past two decades, EU employment supported by extra‐EU exports of goods and services has increased markedly, with a shift towards jobs supported by services exported as part of manufactured goods. The authors seek further insight into this trend through the full decomposition of trade flows using a multi‐regional input–output model and the World Input–Output Database for 40 countries and 35 industries over the period 1995–2011. Their findings call for reflection by policy‐makers regarding the four traditional modes of service supply under the General Agreement on Trade in Services with a view to adequately capturing this new reality in global trade.

Nafiseh Mollaei,1 Estela Bicho,1 Nuno Sousa,2,3 Miguel Fernandes Gago2–4 1Centro Algoritmi, Campus Azurem, University of Minho, Guimarães, 2Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, 3ICVS- 3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, 4Neurology Department, Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira, Guimarães, Portugal Abstract: Imbalance and tripping over obstacles as a result of altered gait in older adults, especially in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), are one of the most common causes of falls. During obstacle crossing, patients with PD modify their behavior in order to decrease the mechanical demands and enhance dynamic stability. Various descriptions of dynamic traits of gait that have been collected over longer periods, probably better synthesize the underlying structure and pattern of fluctuations in gait and can be more sensitive markers of aging or early neurological dysfunction and increased risk of falls. This confirmation challenges the clinimetric of different protocols and paradigms used for gait analysis up till now, in particular when analyzing obstacle crossing. The authors here present a critical review of current knowledge concerning the interplay between the cognition and gait in aging and PD, emphasizing the differences in gait behavior and adaptability while walking over different and challenging obstacle paradigms, and the implications of obstacle negotiation as a predictor of falls. Some evidence concerning the effectiveness of future rehabilitation protocols on reviving obstacle crossing behavior by trial and error relearning, taking advantage of dual-task paradigms, physical exercise, and virtual reality have been put forward in this article. Keywords: gait, obstacle crossing, cognition, behavior, Parkinson's disease, aging, falls

Conclusions: The pedelec emerges from this research as a viable active transport alternative for hilly cities. With adequate autonomy and power to overcome relief, one of the greatest deterrents for using the bicycle as main transport mode, it gives the ball back to politicians, who are responsible for providing cyclists with safe and comfortable pathways for exercising their choice for this mode. Investment on bike paths, bike lanes and adjustment of crossings is the natural next step to foster a more active and sustainable transport mode, from which all citizens would benefit. ; The pedelec is a basic type of electrically-assisted bicycle, designed to help cyclists overcome most slopes. This article presents a theoretical case study of a pedelec on the city of Coimbra, Portugal, which shows that even a low-end model provides enough power and autonomy for the daily transportation needs of a regular cyclist. It is only if battery wear is considered that a model of higher battery capacity is recommended, and even then only if the cyclist uses the pedelec very intensively. By overcoming what is arguably one of the greatest deterrents to cycling, the pedelec contributes towards materializing the concept of sustainable mobility. Overcoming the other major deterrent, safety concerns, is thus passed to the political decision makers, which will need to build and improve the urban infrastructures necessary for citizens to safely exercise their choice for this transport mode. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Hallelujah!', proclaimed in October 8, 2001, 27 years after the first proposal delivered to the Portuguese government, the project's founder, Professor Joaquim Pinto Machado, at the beginning of educational activities at the School of Medicine (formerly School of Health Sciences), University of Minho (SM-UMinho), Braga, Portugal. This manuscript reviews the strategy implemented and the outcomes 15 years after welcoming the first medical students. ; '¡Aleluya!'. Así, 27 años después de la primera propuesta presentada al gobierno portugués, el fundador del proyecto, el Profesor Joaquim Pinto Machado, proclamaba el 8 de octubre de 2001 el inicio de las actividades educativas de la nueva Facultad de Medicina (anteriormente Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud) de la Universidad de Minho (SM-UMinho), Braga, Portugal. Este artículo revisa la estrategia utilizada para la implementación de la nueva facultad y los resultados 15 años después de dar la bienvenida a los primeros estudiantes de medicina ...

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays an important role in the integration of cognitive and affective behavior and regulating autonomic and neuroendocrine functions. This region of the brain, which may be considered analogous to the RAM memory of a computer, is important for translating stressful experience into adaptive behavior. The PFC responds to stress and modulates the response to stress through regulation of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) which, in turn, controls sympathoadrenal and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) activity. Interestingly, the latter convey the signals that link the CNS with the immune system. The present review highlights findings that contribute to elucidate the involvement of the PFC in the control of behavioral and neuroendocrine responses to chronic stress. It also considers the implications of these regulatory links for disorders of the nervous and immune systems. ; Authors' work was in part supported by grants from the Portuguese J.J. Cerqueira et al. / Brain, Behavior, and Immunity 22 (2008) 630–638 635 government Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)—Project PTDC/SAU-NEU/72699/2006—and Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation—Project ...