Suchergebnisse

Resumo O artigo analisa os objetivos do governo dos Estados Unidos na construção de coalizões internacionais para a Guerra ao Terror. Por meio de referências conceituais e teóricas das Relações Internacionais e da análise do perfil das coalizões militares nas guerras do Afeganistão e do Iraque, adota-se o argumento construtivista de que essas coalizões buscaram fundamentalmente satisfazer o princípio do multilateralismo e conferir maior legitimidade ao engajamento norte-americano naquelas guerras. O apoio militar de outros países-membros das coalizões não foi significativo do ponto de vista operacional. Isto em razão da dimensão do poderio militar norte-americano e do fato de que tais operações implicam custos adicionais, decorrentes da necessidade de criação de uma estrutura que permita a efetiva colaboração entre Forças Armadas. Estas, muitas vezes, possuem diferenças quanto aos tipos de equipamentos empregados e às regras de engajamento, ademais de barreiras linguísticas e culturais.

AbstractA large and increasing share of international humanitarian and development aid is raised from nongovernmental sources, allocated by transnational NGOs. We know little about this private foreign aid, not even how it is distributed across recipient countries, much less what explains the allocation. This article presents an original data set, based on detailed financial records from most of the major U.S.-based humanitarian and development NGOs, which allows us for the first time to map and analyze the allocation of U.S. private aid. We find no support for the common claim that aid NGOs systematically prioritize their organizational self-interest when they allocate private aid, and we find only limited support for the hypothesis that expected aid effectiveness drives aid allocation. By contrast, we find strong support for the argument that the deeply rooted humanitarian discourse within and among aid NGOs drives their aid allocation, consistent with a view of aid NGOs as principled actors and constructivist theories of international relations. Recipients' humanitarian need is substantively and statistically the most significant determinant of U.S. private aid allocation (beyond a regional effect in favor of Latin American countries). Materialist concerns do not crowd out ethical norms among these NGOs.

This open access handbook analyses the role of development cooperation in achieving the 2030 Agenda in a global context of 'contested cooperation'. Development actors, including governments providing aid or South-South Cooperation, developing countries, and non-governmental actors (civil society, philanthropy, and businesses) constantly challenge underlying narratives and norms of development. The book explores how reconciling these differences fosters achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals.