This paper firstly provides an ethnographic account of the dynamic of events in Geneva in 2004, when meetings of various multilateral agencies and global civil society organizations were held simultaneously to discuss the proposal to include the Development Agenda as a key element of intellectual property rights (IPR), seeking to insert some public policy aspects into the existing legal frameworks on IPR. Secondly we describe the historical context for the emergence of the intellectual property system as global legislation, explaining how it came into being and the ways in which it intertwines with international trade, examining the extent of its impact and its interfaces with various domains of social life, including culture and knowledge. Finally, based on interviews, documents and minutes from international agency meetings, we reconstruct the three-year process of negotiating the Development Agenda at the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), describing the role of its main actors. Since Brazil, a member state of the organization, assumed a lead role in promoting the Agenda, we examine the disputes that occurred during this process as political actors veered back and forth in their support for the international system to protect and enforce intellectual property rights, and the tensions generated as IPRs become barriers to the trade and development of developing nations.
Objetivo: Conocer la percepción de profesionales de salud y sus familiares acerca de las fake news sobre la pandemia de COVID-19. Método: Estudio descriptivo/exploratorio de abordaje cualitativo. Participaron 28 individuos, entre los cuales siete médicos, siete enfermeros y 14 familiares. La recogida de datos ocurrió entre agosto y octubre de 2020, a partir de entrevistas audio grabadas. Tras la transcripción, el contenido fue analizado por medio del Análisis de Contenido, modalidad temática. Resultados: Fueron identificadas tres categorías: "Contexto de la ocurrencia y diseminación de las fake news en tiempos de pandemia"; "Consecuencias de las fake news frente a la vivencia de la pandemia"; y Estrategias de enfrentamiento para contener/combatir las fake news. Consideraciones Finales: Aspectos socioculturales, políticos, educacionales y tecnológicos influyen la ocurrencia y diseminación de las fake news, las cuales generan consecuencias tales como: desinformación, automedicación, perjuicio en la relación profesional/paciente, aumento de la necesidad de más investigación y miedo en la población. Para enfrentar la actual situación es necesario mejor control del Estado con investigación y punición a los que diseminan las fake news y mejor sensibilización de la población sobre el tema. ; Objective: To know the perception of health professionals and their families about fake news related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: Descriptive-exploratory study with a qualitative approach. Twenty-eight individuals participated, including seven physicians, seven nurses, and 14 family members. Data collection took place between August and October 2020, with audio-recorded interviews. After transcription, the content was analyzed using Content Analysis, thematic modality. Results: Three categories were identified: "Context of the occurrence and dissemination of fake news in times of pandemic"; "Consequences of fake news on the experience of the pandemic"; and "Coping strategies to contain/combat fake news". Conclusion: Sociocultural, political, educational, and technological aspects influence the occurrence and dissemination of fake news, which have consequences such as: misinformation, self-medication, worsening in the professional-patient relationship, increased need for additional research, and fear in the population. To face the current situation, greater control by the State is required, with investigation and punishment of people who disseminate fake news, as well as greater awareness among the population on the subject. ; Objetivo: Conhecer a percepção de profissionais de saúde e seus familiares acerca das fake news relacionadas à pandemia da COVID-19. Método: Estudo descritivo-exploratório de abordagem qualitativa. Participaram 28 indivíduos, dos quais sete médicos, sete enfermeiros e 14 familiares. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre agosto e outubro de 2020, a partir de entrevistas audiogravadas. Após a transcrição, o conteúdo foi analisado por meio da Análise de Conteúdo, modalidade temática. Resultados: Foram identificadas três categorias: "Contexto da ocorrência e disseminação das fake news em tempos de pandemia"; "Consequências das fake news diante da vivência da pandemia"; e "Estratégias de enfrentamento para conter/combater as fake news". Conclusão: Aspectos socioculturais, políticos, educacionais e tecnológicos influenciam a ocorrência e disseminação das fake news, as quais acarretam consequências como: desinformação, automedicação, piora na relação profissional-paciente, aumento da necessidade de pesquisa adicional e medo na população. Para enfrentar a atual situação é necessário maior controle do Estado com investigação e punição às pessoas que disseminam fake news, bem como maior sensibilização da população sobre o tema.
