Suchergebnisse

Assuming that the purpose of a cultural foreign policy is the development of international good will by an in crease in the mutual understanding of national cultures, it is possible to observe three levels in American cultural foreign policy since 1945: the informational, the exchange, and the American-studies levels. The United States Information Agency (USIA) and other cultural agencies have maintained steady progress during this period in making American princi ples and cultures better understood throughout the world. The recent tendency to curtail these programs in the interest of economy has caused alarm, but perhaps the most urgent phase of this work has passed and other forms of cultural foreign policy are taking over. The second stage—international ex change of persons—because of its unofficial or semiofficial na ture, has supplemented, and occasionally conflicted with, the informational programs. The exchange program has also, at times, seemed to be losing effectiveness, as native scholars of other countries take over its work in studying and teaching American and comparative cultures. The establishment of chairs, courses, and degrees, and of international learned socie ties devoted to American studies in most European and some Asian countries is, perhaps, the most substantial and gratifying result of American cultural foreign policy, and indicates the direction in which policy might well move more deliberately in the future.

Assuming that the purpose of a cultural foreign policy is the development of internat'l good will by an increase in the mutual understanding of nat'l cultures, it is possible to observe 3 levels in US cultural foreign policy since 1945: the informational, the exchange, & the US-studies levels. The US Information Agency & other cultural agencies have maintained steady progress during this period in making US principles & cultures better understood throughout the world. The recent tendency to curtail these programs in the interest of economy has caused alarm, but perhaps the most urgent phase of this work has passed & other forms of cultural foreign policy are taking over. The 2nd stage-internat'l exchange of personsbecause of its unofficial or semiofficial nature, has supplemented, & occasionally conflicted with, the information programs. The exchange program has also, at times, seemed to be losing effectiveness, as native scholars of other countries take over its work in studying & teaching US & comparative cultures. The establishment of chairs, courses, & degrees, & of internat'l learned societies devoted to US studies in most European & some Asian countries is, perhaps, the most substantial & gratifying result of US cultural foreign policy, & indicates the direction in which policy might well move more deliberately in the future. HA.

Zusammenfassung
Die Kompetenzen der Institution der Sozialen Selbstverwaltung in der Steuerung des öffentlichen deutschen Gesundheitssystems sind geprägt von der historisch und gesetzlich begründeten Legitimation der Sozialpartner, Verantwortung sowohl für eine am Versichertenbedarf auszurichtende Gesundheitsversorgung zu übernehmen als auch deren Wirksamkeit durch demokratische Partizipation und nachhaltige Finanzierung sicherzustellen. Verschiedene politische Initiativen haben in den vergangenen Jahren sukzessive dazu beigetragen, diese Bedeutung zugunsten einer strukturellen Professionalisierung zurückzudrängen, wodurch auch das Verständnis der ehrenamtlichen Ebene der sozialen Selbstverwaltung unter Druck gesetzt wurde. Dies geschah im Kontext einer am Primat des Wettbewerbs und der Wirtschaftlichkeitsorientierung ausgerichteten Gesundheitspolitik. Um die Solidargemeinschaft GKV gegen diese Tendenzen zu stärken, ist auch eine Stärkung des Solidaritätsprinzips und damit eine Stärkung des Systems der ehrenamtlichen sozialen Selbstverwaltung notwendig.
Abstract
The social self-administration asserts control over the German public health system according to both a broad historical and social legitimation and a legal consensus on the role and competences of the social partners. Policy readjustments led to a subsequent shift of power within these administrative structures towards a professional, economy-oriented management style in accordance with a new, broad health policy perception based on competition and market influence. Thus, it is necessary to strengthen both the principle of solidarity and the voluntary dimension of the social self-administration in order to realign the public health system with a focus on public interest, needs of the social insured and sustainability of the social insurance systems.

The ethic of the group, by L.C. Eiseley.--Science and human values, by C.G. Hempel.--Mass versus coterie culture, by G. Seldes.--Prometheus incorporated, conformity or coercion ̉By G.J. Stigler.--Law and the limits of individuality, by W. Hurest