Suchergebnisse

The focus of the São Paulo based M'Boi urban research field station is on the micro level impacts of social, urban and institutional vulnerabilities present in big cities and multi-city conurbations that are aggravated by: precarious processes of high density land occupation and habitation deficit; changes in patterns for sustaining livelihoods; failures in the distribution of basic services and local consequences of global patterns of climate change. Through consolidating links with community, social and faith based territorial organizations and taking part in their multiple forums, we have seen the importance of an alternative analytic approach to much of the current street level analyses which tend to favour the policy role of the public sector actor. From the "other side of the street" the picture is one of disconnection and absence where community based organizations have sought to reply to everyday demands not only through advocacy and mobilization, but also through direct and collective service provision. Concern may at times be about what government doesn't do, or should do, or does badly, but it is also about invisible cities and absent states. This has led to us to give more attention to a public action framework with multiple and at times conflicting and disconnected languages that involves not only the actions of governments for citizens, but also the actions of society to both pressure government and to act directly in response to public needs.

Many Latin American societies have recently consolidated democratic regimes and moved cautiously but seriously towards different variations of a basic but still very fragile welfare State. Psychologists have played an active role in this process, both through their specific fields of expertise - in health, education and social assistance - and also through their engagement with communities and social movements. A new generation of psychologists has turned away from the traditional professional option of the liberal autonomous and sought opportunities within the new spaces being created in State, civil society and public interest agencies and within the discursive terrain of public policy, rights and citizenship. Whilst recognizing that this is a positive move forward, this paper questions prevailing assumptions that regard public policy, rights and citizenship as institutional certainties and argues that, on the contrary, rights and citizenship are far from consolidated in many areas of public action. As a result of this institutional fragility, Latin American psychology needs to urgently develop and incorporate new concepts and skills that enable it to play a more active role in the construction of everyday democracy. © Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso. ; Muchas sociedades latinoamericanas han consolidado recientemente regímenes democráticos dirigiéndose de manera sigilosa, aunque genuina, hacia diferentes variaciones de un básico pero frágil Estado benefactor. Los psicólogos han jugado un rol activo en este proceso, tanto a través de sus áreas específicas de conocimientos - en salud, educación y asistencia social – como a través de su compromiso con las comunidades y movimientos sociales. Una nueva generación de psicólogos se ha alejado de la opción profesional tradicional del liberal autónomo y busca oportunidades en los nuevos espacios que están siendo creados en el Estado, la sociedad civil, en agencias de ayuda pública y en el terreno discursivo de la política pública, los derechos y ...

The Public Management and Citizenship Program was set up in 1996 to identify and disseminate innovative practices in Brazilian sub-national governments that improve service provision and generate positive impacts on the construction of citizenship. Amongst the different policy areas, education has accounted for the largest single group of submissions. In this paper we examine some of these and ask whether they suggest an orthodox policy implementation cycle moving from Federal or states downwards, or whether alternative processes are in course. In doing so we also point to the contributions that studying innovations brings for policy research. ; O Programa Gestão Pública e Cidadania foi criado em 1996 com o objetivo de identificar e disseminar práticas inovadoras, que produzem melhorias significativas na prestação de serviços públicos e geram impactos positivos na construção da cidadania, realizadas por governos subnacionais brasileiros. Dentre as diferentes áreas de políticas públicas do banco de dados a área que tem mais projetos é a educação. Neste artigo examinamos alguns destes projetos e analisamos se eles indicam um ciclo ortodoxo de implementação das políticas em educação, ou se, existem processos alternativos de implementação destas políticas.Neste estudo apontamos também para as contribuições que o estudo das inovações traz para a pesquisa em políticas públicas.

The paper starts from the observation made by authors involved with different aspects of public action, that the State is not synonymous with public affairs. Given a more polycentric approach in which the public, or publics, are themselves key and independent social actors, amongst others, it questions the central role that public policy is assumed to take in articulating the discussion and provision of public goods and services. The paper takes a historical perspective on the emergence of policy at different moments in the English language and looks in more detail at three periods which are widely recognized as moments when English speaking democracies made significant steps forward in broadening the agenda of public affairs: Roosevelt's New Deal, 1933; the 1945 British Labour Government; and the Johnson administrations (1963-1968). In all of these cases, there were very practical breakthroughs, with new approaches to some very difficult issues but with very little, if at all, discussion of policy. Given that action and talk go together, what other social languages (to use Bakhtin's term, 1986) were available? In pointing out that these were many and most continue to be present and highly active today, the paper questions the centrality and inevitability of public policy and concludes by arguing for a public action languages approach to the study of public affairs. ; El artículo parte de la observación, hecha por autores que participan en diferentes aspectos de la acción pública, de que Estado no es sinónimo de asuntos públicos. Teniendo en cuenta un enfoque más policéntrico en el que público o públicos, ellos mismos son claves y los principales agentes sociales, cuestiona entre otras cosas la asunción del papel central que la política pública se supone que tiene en la articulación de la discusión y la provisión de bienes y servicios públicos. El artículo asume una perspectiva histórica sobre la aparición de las políticas en diferentes momentos en el idioma inglés y mira con más detalle tres períodos que son ampliamente reconocidos como momentos donde las democracias de habla inglesa hicieron avances significativos hacia la ampliación de la agenda de los asuntos públicos: el 'New Deal' de Roosevelt en 1933; el Gobierno de los laboristas británicos de 1945; y las administraciones de Johnson (1963-1968). En todos estos casos, hubo avances muy prácticos, con nuevos enfoques sobre algunas cuestiones muy difíciles, pero en todo caso con muy poca discusión de las políticas. Teniendo en cuenta que la acción y el habla van de la mano, ¿qué otros lenguajes sociales (para usar el término de Bakhtin, 1986) estaban disponibles? Al señalar que estos eran muchos y que continúan siendo muchos y muy activos en el presente, el artículo cuestiona la centralidad y la inevitabilidad de la política pública y concluye defendiendo una aproximación de los lenguajes de la acción pública para el estudio de los asuntos públicos. ; Este artigo parte da observação feita por autores envolvidos com diferentes aspectos das ações públicas, uma vez que o Estado não é sinônimo de assuntos públicos. Do ponto de vista policêntrico, no qual o público ou públicos são atores-chave e independentes, questiona-se o papel central que a política pública supostamente assumiu na articulação da discussão e provisão de bens e serviços públicos. O artigo adota uma perspectiva histórica da emergência da política pública na língua inglesa em diferentes momentos e focaliza três períodos reconhecidos como aqueles nos quais as democracias anglófonas deram passos significativos para a ampliação da agenda de debate dos assuntos públicos: o New Deal de Roosevelt, 1933; o Governo do Partido Trabalhista britânico, 1945, e as administrações Johnson (1963-1968). Em todos esses casos, houve inovações muito práticas no tratamento de questões muito difíceis, mas com muito pouca – se houve – discussão de política pública. Considerando que fala e ação andam juntas, quais outras linguagens sociais (para usar o termo de Bakhtin, 1986) estavam disponíveis? Ao apontar que elas eram muitas, das quais a maior parte continua presente e bastante ativa hoje, o artigo questiona a centralidade e inevitabilidade da política pública e propõe abordar linguagens de ação pública para o estudo dos assuntos públicos.