TERRORISM — THE FIGHT BETWEEN WEAK AND STRONG OPPONENTThe article focuses on the phenomenon of terrorism in the form of the fight weak from strong. The terrorist attack can be described similarly to the process of the fight. This observation enables to build the universal model of the superiority. This model is based on the differential equation called the Logistic Law of Population Growth.
Secret services are responsible for the system of classified information protection in Poland. In the Czech Republic and Slovakia, civil central offices operating outside the special services system have been established to perform activities in this area. Institutions dealing with the protection of classified information in the Polish political and constitutional system are mainly supervised by the executive power — the prime minister, while in the Czech Republic and Slovakia the main control factor in the system are special parliamentary committees. The protection of the rights of persons whose data are processed as part of various types of proceedings conducted by such bodies is guaranteed in all analyzed political systems by courts. In Slovakia, it is the Supreme Court. In practice, the Czech Republic and Slovakia have abandoned the separate certification system for the structures of the Ministry of National Defense. In Poland, the separation of proceedings concerning the military sphere was maintained — they are still conducted by one of the special services, Military Counterintelligence Service.
NATIONAL SECURITY — SOFT FACTORSThis article is divided into three parts, in the first part it is explained what social capital is, and its role in national security is depicted. In the second part, the problem of the importance of social rules in the construction of social capital is discussed. The third part of the article is the culmination of the analysis and shows the role of soft factors in the process of building national security. The quality of social capital depends on how the society works. It is strongly related to other pillars of state security, including the armed forces. The most important message from the content of this article is the statement: a strong society means a safe state.
GAME THEORY AND CONTEMPORARY CONFLICTSThe article presents the application of game theory in the context of civil and military security. Game theory is used to study conflict situations involving more than one decision-maker. Special emphasis was given to the significant role of information in modern military operations. The article contains examples illustrating similarities between civil and military problems.
THE ROLE OF FORMER COMMUNIST SECRET OFFICERS IN THE CIVIL INTELLIGENCE AND COUNTERINTELLIGENCE SERVICE IN POLAND AND IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC, 1989–2018 Czech civilian special services after 1989 were built by former officers of the communist services. In Poland and in the Czech Republic, at least at the beginning of the changes, participation in the services of members of the democratic opposition was symbolic. The officers of the communist services in both countries were gradually removed during subsequent reorganizations in the years 1990–2018. In the Czech Republic they have not been completely removed to this day. The Czech authorities deprived them of financial powers acquired in the service of a totalitarian system. The Polish authorities also deprived former security officers of the privileges acquired in service before systemic changes and additionally those already acquired at work for a democratic state. However, the financial severity of both solutions is incomparable due to differences in pension systems of uniformed services between both countries.
TERRORISM — DERIVATIVE PHENOMENON OF THE WARIn the article a terrorism was shown in three aspects: military, economic and social. Two models of the fight: dynamic and mechanical were related to contemporary conflicts. According to authors of this article, the terrorism is a derivative phenomenon of the war. It is a main reason why we used the mechanical model of the fight to describe the contemporary conflicts.
