Suchergebnisse

For political reasons in Polish historiography, interest in the issue of scientists-doctors environment in Lviv in the 1918-1946 period began in 1980s. Medical history of Lviv dominate in the work of a researcher from Wrocław Wanda Wojtkiewicz-Rok. In addition, current achievements in this area complement the work on lives and works of eminent scientists-doctors from Lviv. ; Інтерес у польській історіографії до проблеми середовища вчених-лікарів у Львові в 1918-1946 роках з політичних причин виник у 1980-х роках. Історія медицини Львова домінувала у роботі дослідника з Вроцлава Ванди Войткевич-Рок. Крім того, сучасні досягнення в цій галузі доповнять дослідження життя і діяльності видатних вчених-лікарів зі Львова.

In the years 1780–1781, Doctor Franz Karl Heintz hesitated about the diagnosis for a long time. Initially he thought he had encountered cases of 'rotten diseases'. However, taking into account the experience of other European countries, he knew one had to be certain about the diagnosis given, especially when it concerned the most terrible infection. Only after some time he admitted was dealing with the plague. He was still optimistic though. He claimed that herbal medicaments were efficient in many cases. In 1786, already as the quarantine physician of the Right-Bank Ukraine, he sensibly assessed the potential of medicine regarding the plague. Although he based his project on the contemporary medicinal state of the art that went along with the 18th c. ideal of medical knowledge (he was a follower of Hippocrates, i.e. a supporter of humoral pathology), the most important components of the project were police-order in their character, which found a permanent place in the medical thought of that time.

Cultural and Socio-political Factors Affecting the Occurrence of the Plague Epidemic in Right-bank Ukraine and South-western Provinces of Russia at the turn of the 19th Century

The plague epidemics in Right-bank Ukraine and south-western provinces of Russia at the turn of the 19th century were caused by deficiencies in maintaining social distance and inadequate crisis management. The inadequate social distancing was caused by ongoing wars and civil unrest. The first outbreaks of the plague occurred in the territory of the Turkish state, from where it spread to Right-bank Ukraine, as well as to the provinces of the Russian Empire as a result of mobility caused mainly by wars, trade and other phenomena causing population migration (such as mercenary work). After the annexation of the Black Sea territories to Russia, returning soldiers and sailors often unwittingly brought plague from the infected south to the cities and towns of central Russia. The spread of the plague epidemic was facilitated by the efforts of the Russian commanders to limit supply disruptions to the army fighting the Turks. With the effective work of the various branches of the modern administration and the centralized management of the crisis in Right-bank Ukraine, the outbreaks were quickly contained to only a few areas. These circumstances were even more evident in the southwestern provinces of Russia, with a strong central government and its local ties.

In the article Polish and Ukrainian historians will analyze scientific achievements of researchers, who in the Polish and Ukrainian historiography occupy a prominent place as regards the haidamak movements and Koliyivshchyna, i.e. Franciszek Rawita-Gawroński, Władysław A. Serczyk, Petr Mirchuk, and Grigorij Hraban. Authors agree with the opinion that the historian does not judge, but tries to understand. The common Polish-Ukrainian research program on the haidamaks and Koliyivshchyna, thanks to which at least necessary queries and a discrepancy report will be developed, remains a main postulate. Only in that way the vivid use of history for current ideology and shaping of young generation will be minimized. Unfortunately, apart from substantive arguments, still there will remain other arguments of ideological or political context. The point is, however, that a discourse on Polish-Ukrainian relations in various epochs should be reduced to a normal scientific discussion that should take into account limitations resulting from cultural imputation only, the fact that has not been preserved on the part of both Ukrainian, and Polish side so far. ; W pracy analizowany jest z punktu widzenia historyków ukraińskiego i polskiego pochodzenia dorobek naukowy badaczy, którzy w historiografii polskiej i ukraińskiej zajęli poczesne miejsce w zakresie badania ruchów hajdamackich i koliszczyzny, czyli twórczość Franciszka Rawity-Gawrońskiego, Władysława A. Serczyka, Petra Mirczuka i Grigorija J. Hrabana. Autorzy zgadzają się z opinią, że historyk nie sądzi, ale stara się zrozumieć. W dalszym ciągu w sferze postulatu pozostaje wspólny polsko-ukraiński program badawczy dotyczący hajdamaków i koliszczyzny, który przynajmniej pozwoli na wykonanie niezbędnych kwerend i wypracuje protokół rozbieżności. Tylko na tej drodze można będzie zminimalizować jaskrawe wykorzystywanie interpretacji dziejów do bieżącej ideologii i kształtowania młodego pokolenia. Niewątpliwie oprócz argumentów merytorycznych wciąż niestety funkcjonować będą inne, związane z kontekstem ideologicznym, politycznym etc. Chodzi jednak o to, aby dyskurs na temat stosunków polsko-ukraińskich w różnych epokach sprowadzić do naukowej dyskusji zbliżonej do normalności, która miałaby na uwadze jedynie ograniczenia wynikające z imputacji kulturowej, co nie było dotychczas zachowane zarówno ze strony ukraińskiej, jak i polskiej.