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This timely book explores how the media shape the Europeanization of the public sphere within the European Union (EU). Bringing together a range of international scholars in media studies and journalism and covering both traditional and online media, it argues that Europeanization is not just an idea - it is a real, ongoing process that we are experiencing every day. Assessing a wide range of actors and processes and acknowledging the diverse relationships between media and politics, the chapters edited by Agnieszka Stepinska reflect contemporary conceptualizations of Europeanization and unravel the complex mediatization of European politics. It covers topics as diverse as children's socialization within the European Union via kid's TV programmes; the impact of the 'Euroblogosphere' on policy decisions; and international broadcasting as one of the key elements to understanding new public diplomacy in Europe. Using the Polish EU presidency of 2011 as an extensive case study, the book's latter part shows what impact Poland's presidency had on its representation, both domestically and abroad, and questions the Presidency's actual power of attracting media attention. 'Media and Communication in Europe' is a valuable resource for any student and researcher interested in the complex relationship between the media and the EU.

In Poland, the presidential elections were primarily scheduled on May 10th, 2020. However, due to the COVID-19 circumstances, the elections were postponed and eventually took place in late June (first round) and mid-July (second round) 2020. The aim of the paper is to examine media coverage of the postponed presidential elections in Poland. In particular, the paper explores frames used by journalists in their coverage of the postponed elections. For the purpose of this study we conducted a quantitative content analysis of news items from three TV newscasts, four radio stations, and three online platforms. The material was collected on May 10th (a day of primarily scheduled the first round of elections), and June 30th (a day when the results of the first round of postponed elections were officially announced). The findings showed that both amount of the news coverage and the main frames used by the media across time differed. Although episodic frame prevailed in the media coverage on both days. thematic frame was used more often in the media coverage on the day when voting was supposed to take place, than on the day when results of the first round of presidential elections were announced. On contrary, conflict frame was used more often in the media coverage of results of the elections than on a day without election. The political orientation of the media outlets affected the way journalist employed responsibility and consequences frames.

This paper aims at presenting the conclusions drawn from a systematic review of the studies conducted among Polish journalists since the 1970s. By comparing results of the studies on journalists with expectations and attitudes of current Polish journalism students, the paper offers an insight into the ongoing changes that have been observed among Polish journalists in the last four decades. In particular, the review revealed significant changes in a demographic profile of Polish journalists regarding gender, education, and employment, as well as their motivation to work in the profession. Furthermore, professional values of journalism in Poland have been slightly shifting from a traditional profile of a social educator and watchdog to new ones, such as a news provider.

This paper aims to present the findings of the quantitative analysis of the content of selected Polish print media regarding the coverage of the Polish EU presidency. The study concentrates on the relation between political bias of selected Polish daily newspapers and weekly magazines and their evaluation of Poland's presidency in the European Union Council with regard to two concepts: Europeanization of public sphere and politicization of Europe. The findings showed that national political perspective was used not only by political actors, but also by the journalists while covering European issues. However, the study provides arguments supporting the assumption on not only an instrumentalization of Europe during the parliamentary elections in Poland, but also on a politicization of Europe as inter-related with a vertical Europeanization of public sphere and democratization. ; Celem artykułu jest ukazanie wyników badania zawartości polskich mediów z okresu sprawowania przez Polskę przewodnictwa w Radzie Unii Europejskiej w 2011 roku. Analiza poświęcona była wpływowi orientacji politycznej organizacji medialnej (wybranych gazet codziennych i tygodników opinii) na sposób relacjonowania polskiej prezydencji. Podstawę teoretyczną badania stanowiły dwie koncepcje: europeizacji sfery publicznej oraz polityzacji Europy. Wyniki badania nie tylko potwierdzają różnice w prezentowaniu tematyki europejskiej i polskiej prezydencji w tytułach o wyraźnie określonej orientacji politycznej, ale ukazują specyfikę polskich mediów: źródłem cen i poglądów prezentowanych na łamach są nie tylko politycy, ale także dziennikarze. Na podstawie wyników wyprowadzić można wniosek nie tylko o instrumentalnym wykorzystywaniu tematyki europejskiej podczas parlamentarnej kampanii wyborczej w Polsce w 2011 roku, ale także o polityzacji Europy jako zjawiska związanego ściśle z wertykalną europeizacją sfery publicznej i demokratyzacją.

This paper aims to present the findings of the quantitative analysis of the content of selected Polish print media regarding the coverage of the Polish EU presidency. The study concentrates on the relation between political bias of selected Polish daily newspapers and weekly magazines and their evaluation of Poland's presidency in the European Union Council with regard to two concepts: Europeanization of public sphere and politicization of Europe. The findings showed that national political perspective was used not only by political actors, but also by the journalists while covering European issues. However, the study provides arguments supporting the assumption on not only an instrumentalization of Europe during the parliamentary elections in Poland, but also on a politicization of Europe as inter-related with a vertical Europeanization of public sphere and democratization. ; Celem artykułu jest ukazanie wyników badania zawartości polskich mediów z okresu sprawowania przez Polskę przewodnictwa w Radzie Unii Europejskiej w 2011 roku. Analiza poświęcona była wpływowi orientacji politycznej organizacji medialnej (wybranych gazet codziennych i tygodników opinii) na sposób relacjonowania polskiej prezydencji. Podstawę teoretyczną badania stanowiły dwie koncepcje: europeizacji sfery publicznej oraz polityzacji Europy. Wyniki badania nie tylko potwierdzają różnice w prezentowaniu tematyki europejskiej i polskiej prezydencji w tytułach o wyraźnie określonej orientacji politycznej, ale ukazują specyfikę polskich mediów: źródłem cen i poglądów prezentowanych na łamach są nie tylko politycy, ale także dziennikarze. Na podstawie wyników wyprowadzić można wniosek nie tylko o instrumentalnym wykorzystywaniu tematyki europejskiej podczas parlamentarnej kampanii wyborczej w Polsce w 2011 roku, ale także o polityzacji Europy jako zjawiska związanego ściśle z wertykalną europeizacją sfery publicznej i demokratyzacją.

Effectively conducted, the EU presidency can improve the image of the country holding this position. This is particularly true for countries that are holding the chairmanship of the EU Council for the first time. During the six-month period of the presidency the country attracts foreign media attention, not only as a host of numerous meetings and events, but also as an actor in charge of defining the major directions of the EU policy. Therefore, that time could be spent on achieving political goals and build- ing an image as an important and effective EU member, as well as an at- tractive country for tourists and entrepreneurs. In many cases, however, internal political events such as elections, political tensions, or controver- sies over domestic issues seem to take over the atmosphere around the country.

The aim of this paper is to present the findings of a quantitative content analysis of the Polish print media. Sharing the codebook and procedures with an international team, we were able to gain a broad perspective on the media coverage of the first Polish EU presidency. In particular, we focused on: (1) the number of items covering events related to the presidency, (2) the prominence of the topic, (3) genres, (4) main topics, (5) authors of news, (6) authors of opinions, and (7) the way Polish journalists evaluated Poland's performance during the EU presidency. The findings showed that although Polish print press reported the first Polish EU presidency, the topic's prominence was not very high. Media organizations rather rarely presented the topic on the front page and they did not change their regular editorial policy. Most of the news items, as well as opinions and comments, were written by staff members. Furthermore, journalists seemed to be more interested in the opinions of national politicians, rather than experts. As a result, the framework of the coverage was predominantly domestic. Journalists working for daily newspapers focused mostly on providing news and their own interpretations of the reported events. On the contrary weekly magazines provided comments and interviews, but again, most of the opinions were expressed by their own journalists and editors.