Suchergebnisse

1. Introduction -- 2. Value -- 3. Luxury supply side -- 4. Exploring luxury – research scope and methodology -- 5. Consumers' perception of luxury goods value – national context -- 6. Impact of socio-demographic, economic and psychographic consumer traits on luxury value perception – empirical findings -- 7. Who creates value of luxury goods within the value chain? – companies vs consumers' perspective.

Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Part I -- Chapter 1: Not So Long Time Ago Before Malinowski: The Puzzle of Lotar Dargun´s Influence on Bronislaw Malinowski -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Life of Lotar Dargun -- 1.3 Overview of Lotar Dargun´s Work -- 1.4 What to Discuss in Context of Bronislaw Malinowski? -- 1.5 Lotar Dargun´s Way of Thinking: Presentation -- 1.6 Lotar Dargun´s Way of Thinking: Critical Remarks -- 1.7 Puzzle -- References -- Chapter 2: Stanisław Estreicher: The Forgotten Master of Bronislaw Malinowski -- 2.1 The Intellectual Inspirations of Malinowski -- 2.2 The Master Turned Friend -- 2.3 Professional Background of Stanisław Estreicher -- 2.4 Naturalistic Assumptions -- 2.5 The Evolutionism of Stanislaw Estreicher -- 2.6 The Impact of Cracow´s Historians -- 2.7 Comparatistic Approach -- 2.8 The Essential Approximations -- 2.9 The Open Question -- References -- Part II -- Chapter 3: Malinowski´s Multidimensional Conception of Law: Beyond Common Misunderstandings -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Factors Affecting Disinterest in Malinowski´s Conception of Law -- 3.3 Malinowski´s Criticism of Existing Conceptions -- 3.4 Reconstruction of Malinowski´s Multi-level Conception of Law -- 3.4.1 Biological Dimension of Law -- 3.4.2 Social Dimension of Law -- 3.4.3 Psychological Dimension of Law -- 3.5 Recapitulation -- 3.6 Summary -- References -- Chapter 4: Bronislaw Malinowski and the Anthropology of Law -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Malinowski as a Disciplinary Other -- 4.3 Lines of Research -- 4.4 Too Broad, Too Narrow or Rather Law Within the Seamless Web of the Foreign Culture? -- 4.5 Law and Science -- 4.6 Reciprocity as a Disconnecting Factor -- 4.7 The Conflict of Legal Systems and Malinowski´s Unrecognised Discoveries -- 4.8 Cross-cultural Comparison as a By-product -- 4.9 Participant Observation and the Law of Natives -- 4.10 Conclusion.

Zagadnienie ustalenia odpłatności za usługi świadczone w domach pomocy społecznej jest niezwykle złożone i bywa problematyczne. W niniejszym artykule omówione zostaną podstawowe kwestie związane z tym zagadnieniem. Analizie poddane zostanie grono osób zobowiązanych do wniesienia opłaty za pobyt mieszkańca w domu pomocy społecznej wraz z regulacjami dotyczącymi określenia wysokości opłaty oraz trybu konkretyzacji zobowiązania. Omówione zostaną również najnowsze zmiany obejmujące instytucję zwolnienia z opłaty. Celem artykułu jest prezentacja procesu ustalenia opłaty za pobyt mieszkańca domu pomocy społecznej wraz ze wskazaniem rozwiązań, których zastosowanie służy interesom wszystkich stron postępowania.


The issue of determining payment for a resident's stay in a social welfare home

The issue of determining payment for services provided in social welfare homes is extremely complex and sometimes problematic. This article will discuss the basic issues related to this issue. The group of persons obliged to pay a fee for a resident's stay in a social welfare home will be analyzed, along with regulations on determining the amount of the fee and the mode of concretizing the obligation. The latest changes involving the institution of exemption from the fee will also be discussed. The purpose of the article is to present the process of determining the fee for the stay of a resident of a social welfare home, together with an indication of solutions whose application serves the interests of all parties to the proceedings.

W tradycji islamu rodzina pojmowana jest jako podstawowa komórka społeczna, w ramach której istnieją dwa rodzaje więzi: małżeńska oraz rodzicielska. Temat artykułu dotyczy jednak tego, jak wygląda sytuacja w rodzinie rozpatrywana z perspektywy jednostek najsłabszych, które potrzebują szczególnej ochrony, a więc z perspektywy dzieci. Poczynione rozważania prowadzą do wniosku, że pozycja dziecka w prawie rodzinnym islamu ma charakter względny — zależy od jego pochodzenia. Z kolei sposób sprawowania władzy rodzicielskiej, a także prawa i obowiązki dzieci w ramach rodziny, stanowią przejaw ich podmiotowego traktowania zarówno jako istot słabszych wymagających szczególnej ochrony i opieki, jak też jako jednostek zdolnych do decydowania o sobie, co wyraża się w uzasadnionych przypadkach nieposłuszeństwa względem rodziców.

The article concerns the legal status of Central Lithuania as a so-called puppet state from the point of view of international law. The very concept of a puppet state is based upon the apparent fulfilment of the Montevideo criteria — which boils down to the lack of effectiveness. The reasons for establishing such an entity are varied, but they are all politically biased. The points of reference are primarily Bantustans and Manchukuo — they are key instances of puppet states discussed in legal literature. In the case of Poland, the establishment of Central Lithuania was an imminent effect of the Polish-Soviet War. On the one hand, the goal of setting up the Central Lithuania as a puppet state was undoing the effects of the war with totalitarian Soviet Russia using the fait accompli method. On the other hand, it was about the legitimacy of territorial change which occurred as a result of a territorial referendum on the future of the Vilnius region. The key issue related to establishing puppet states is a need to refer to a very formal approach to international law. However, such an approach is not widely supported by legal writings on international law. As the result a puppet state has to face the allegation of being contrafactual since the very moment of its emergence. That means that a territorial change done by establishing a puppet state cannot be eventually legitimized. One of the criteria mentioned in the Montevideo Convention is a "capacity to enter into relations with the other states". Notwithstanding, it is a precondition or an effect of statehood that capacity reflects the attitude of the international community to the "newly emerged state". If can clearly be seen in the cases of Bantustans and Manchukuo. So, e.g., Manchukuo maintained consular relations with a few states, including Poland. However, Central Lithuania did not maintain international relations, but it was not relevant in this very case. That is because Central Lithuania existed for a year and a half. In addition, it took place shortly after the end of the First World War and the Polish-Soviet War, and during an ongoing armed conflict between Poland and Lithuania. The illusion of statehood of Central Lithuania was manifested by the establishment of Department of Foreign Affairs, which was not in the position to represent Central Lithuania in the realm of international relations. Most of all, Central Lithuania did not participate in Polish-Lithuanian negotiations — that entity was an object here. Above all, these negotiations concerned the future status of Central Lithuania. The fact that relations with Central Lithuania were within the competencies of the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs is the only argument in favour of acknowledging Central Lithuania as a foreign state in relation to Poland. There was a delegate of Poland at the Provisional Governing Commission. Members of the Provisional Governing Commission were communicating with that delegate, without the need of involving the Department of Foreign Affairs, which made the department completely unnecessary. The correspondence of the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the authorities of Central Lithuania reveals that the relations between the two entities were not diplomatic. Poland did not recognize the statehood of Central Lithuania but rather acknowledged the fact that it is abroad. At the same time, Central Lithuania was dependent upon Poland, e.g. for food supplies. Central Lithuania can be seen as shaping stage Polish of east border after ending of war with Soviet Russia based on totalitarian ideology. That is an interesting example of Poland instrumentalizing international in its critical moment. However, such an approach to international law is a two-edged sword.

Integralną częścią prac Soboru Watykańskiego II stało się określenie stosunku wspólnoty kościelnej do państwa. Ojcowie soborowi wypracowali katalog konkretnych zasad, według których powinny być kształtowane relacje na linii Kościół katolicki–państwo. Doktryna soborowa stanowi obecnie podstawę papieskiego nauczania. Kolejni biskupi Rzymu nie poprzestali jednakże wyłącznie na kontynuowaniu przekazywania nauki soborowej, ale starali się ją rozwinąć. Również papież Franciszek podejmuje działania zmierzające do pogłębienia nauki soborowej w jej wybranych aspektach, w tym także kwestii relacji pomiędzy Kościołem i państwem.

In December 2013 Devyani Khobragade, deputy consul general of the Consulate General of India in New York, was charged with committing visa fraud and providing false statements in order to obtain a visa for her Indian domestic servant, whom she had paid illegally low wages. She was arrested the next day by agents of the State Department's Diplomatic Security Service and transferred into the custody of the U.S. Marshals Service. There she was subjected to a body‑cavity search and placed in a holding cell with common criminals, before being released on bond later the same day. She had to surrender her passport and was barred from leaving New York. Her arrest and treatment received much public attention, causing angry protests in India, and sparked a full‑scale diplomatic crisis between India and the United States. Indian authorities fully backed the diplomat, demanding an apology from the US State Department, and proceeded to retaliate against American diplomats when she was indicted. The crisis ended in May 2014 when the BJP party won national elections in India. This paper provides an in‑depth analysis of this complex and unusual incident, including its causes and direct consequences for Indo‑American relations.

The article examines work by contemporary American artist Kiki Smith, who proposes a future in which human and nonhuman bodily borders merge. The artist's contribution to the more-than-human artistic entanglements is juxtaposed with Joseph Beuys's artistic manifesto from 1974 which proposes, among other things, an attempt to get outside of the represented human towards the asignified ahuman. In Kiki's sculpture, both human and nonhuman animals undergo constant morphogenesis, becoming hybrid forms far beyond the human-social paradigm, implying that the human and nonhuman binary, due to the exchange of affective entanglements, is no longer valid in the heyday of techno-scientific development. The analyzed work shows that both human and nonhuman bodies are raw materials not separated from one another but always interconnected with the world and its ongoing material processes. Thus, the article emphasizes that it is only through the transgression of the human and nonhuman border that one can acknowledge the more ethical and political ways of cooperation needed for the appreciation of the multispecies dimension of our world and its survival.

The article examines work by contemporary American artist Kiki Smith, who proposes a future in which human and nonhuman bodily borders merge. The artist's contribution to the more-than-human artistic entanglements is juxtaposed with Joseph Beuys's artistic manifesto from 1974 which proposes, among other things, an attempt to get outside of the represented human towards the asignified ahuman. In Kiki's sculpture, both human and nonhuman animals undergo constant morphogenesis, becoming hybrid forms far beyond the human-social paradigm, implying that the human and nonhuman binary, due to the exchange of affective entanglements, is no longer valid in the heyday of techno-scientific development. The analyzed work shows that both human and nonhuman bodies are raw materials not separated from one another but always interconnected with the world and its ongoing material processes. Thus, the article emphasizes that it is only through the transgression of the human and nonhuman border that one can acknowledge the more ethical and political ways of cooperation needed for the appreciation of the multispecies dimension of our world and its survival.

In the paper, preliminary statistical analysis of the data concerning road accidents in Poland are pre-sented. The number of accidents, fatalities, as well the number of persons injured in accidents with multitude of the detained drunk drivers are considered. The analysis covers daily data from the year 2008 to 2021. Mean and median values were determined and a comparative analysis based on the complementary, partial, and multiple correlation coefficients was carried out. The results are presented for the whole compiled data and separately for monthly and annual quantities. Keywords: mechanical engineering, correlation analysis, road safety, road accidents