Suchergebnisse

Mupirocin ointment has been shown to be effective in eradicating Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage in residents of a long- term care facility. Antiseptic soaps have been used as adjunct to this therapy. We compared the efficacy of short-term intranasal mupirocin ointment with and without chlorhexidine baths in the eradication of S. aureus nasal carriage with follow-up for 12 weeks. METHODS: Residents in four nursing homes known to have endemic methicillin-resistant S. aureus were screened for nasal carriage of S. aureus. Residents who had anterior nares cultures positive for S. aureus on two separate occasions were divided into two groups. Both groups received intranasal mupirocin ointment twice daily for 5 days and one group also received chlorhexidine baths for the first 3 days. Cultures of anterior nares, axilla, and groins were performed before treatment and 1 day and 1, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after treatment. RESULTS: After treatment, S. aureus nasal carriage was eradicated in all residents. Recolonization with S. aureus had occurred at 12 weeks in 24% of residents receiving mupirocin ointment alone (6/25) and in 15% of residents receiving mupirocin ointment plus chlorhexidine baths (4/27). CONCLUSIONS: A short course of mupirocin ointment was effective in eradicating nasal carriage of S. aureus in nursing home residents. There were no statistical differences in efficacy between the two regimens with respect to the eradication of nasal carriage and prevention of recolonization with S. aureus.

This contribution describes the results of a collaboration the objective of which was to technically validate an assessment approach for automatic target recognition (ATR) components1. The approach is intended to become a standard for component specification and acceptance test during development and procurement and includes the provision of appropriate tools and data. The collaboration was coordinated by the German Federal Office for Defense Technology and Procurement (BWB). Partners besides the BWB and the group Assessment of Fraunhofer IITB were ATR development groups of EADS Military Aircraft, EADS Dornier and Fraunhofer IITB. The ATR development group of IITB contributed ATR results and developer's expertise to the collaboration while the industrial partners contributed ATR results and their expertise both from the developer's and the system integrator's point of view. The assessment group's responsibility was to provide task-relevant data and assessment tools, to carry out performance analyses and to document major milestones. The result of the collaboration is twofold: the validation of the assessment approach by all partners, and two approved benchmarks for specific military target detection tasks in IR and SAR images. The tasks are defined by parameters including sensor, viewing geometries, targets, background etc. The benchmarks contain IR and SAR sensor data, respectively. Truth data and assessment tools are available for performance measurement and analysis. The datasets are split into training data for ATR optimization and test data exclusively used for performance analyses during acceptance tests. Training data and assessment tools are available for ATR developers upon request. The work reported in this contribution was supported by the German Federal Office for Defense Technology and Procurement (BWB), EADS Dornier, and EADS Military Aircraft.

Vor dem Hintergrund des Bevölkerungswachstums in Entwicklungsländern, eines immer krasser werdenden Unterschieds in der ökonomischen Entwicklung und in den Lebensbedingungen zwischen Entwicklungs- und Industrieländern sowie sich zunehmend verschärfenden politischen und sozialen Spannungen thematisiert dieses Schwerpunktheft Entwicklungen und Verläufe der Süd-Nord-Migration. Neben den "push-Faktoren" der Migration werden auch die "pull-Faktoren" untersucht: der Arbeitskräftemangel infolge niedriger Geburtenraten und einer ständig älter werdenden Bevölkerung. Diskutiert wird ebenso der Umstand, daß die Auswanderung jetzt sogar in Länder erfolgt, die früher keineswegs als Beschäftigungsländer galten. Es wird deutlich, daß Entwicklungsländer dringend ein Wirtschaftswachstum benötigen, das Arbeitsplätze schafft. Ebenso notwendig sind freie Zugäge zu den Märkten der Industriestaaten und eine effiziente Entwicklungshilfepolitik. (IAB)

This is the final version. Available on open access from Wiley via the DOI in this record ; Most of the planet's diversity is concentrated in the tropics, which includes many regions undergoing rapid climate change. Yet, while climate-induced biodiversity changes are widely documented elsewhere, few studies have addressed this issue for lowland tropical ecosystems. Here we investigate whether the floristic and functional composition of intact lowland Amazonian forests have been changing by evaluating records from 106 long-term inventory plots spanning 30 years. We analyse three traits that have been hypothesized to respond to different environmental drivers (increase in moisture stress and atmospheric CO2 concentrations): maximum tree size, biogeographic water-deficit affiliation and wood density. Tree communities have become increasingly dominated by large-statured taxa, but to date there has been no detectable change in mean wood density or water deficit affiliation at the community level, despite most forest plots having experienced an intensification of the dry season. However, among newly recruited trees, dry-affiliated genera have become more abundant, while the mortality of wet-affiliated genera has increased in those plots where the dry season has intensified most. Thus, a slow shift to a more dry-affiliated Amazonia is underway, with changes in compositional dynamics (recruits and mortality) consistent with climate-change drivers, but yet to significantly impact whole-community composition. The Amazon observational record suggests that the increase in atmospheric CO2 is driving a shift within tree communities to large-statured species and that climate changes to date will impact forest composition, but long generation times of tropical trees mean that biodiversity change is lagging behind climate change. ; Support for RAINFOR has come from the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Urgency Grants and NERC Consortium Grants "AMAZONICA" (NE/F005806/1), "TROBIT" (NE/D005590/1) and "BIO‐RED" (NE/N012542/1), a European Research Council (ERC) grant (T‐FORCES, "Tropical Forests in the Changing Earth System"), the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (282664, "AMAZALERT") and the Royal Society (CH160091). OLP was supported by an ERC Advanced Grant and a Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award. KGD was supported by a Leverhulme Trust International Academic Fellowship. This paper is part of the PhD of AE‐M, which was funded by the ERC T‐FORCES grant. AE‐M is currently supported by T‐FORCES and the NERC project "TREMOR" (NE/N004655/1).