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Straipsnio tikslas – remiantis įmonių inovacijų strategijų tipų analize nustatyti, kurios inovacijų strategijos yra labiausiai būdingos pereinamosios ekonomikos šalims. Empiriniam tyrimui atlikti remtasi 2008 metų Visuomenės inovacijų tyrimo (angl. Community Innovation Survey)1 mikrolygmens duomenimis. Duomenys apima beveik 128 tūkst. organizacijų inovacines veiklas (pvz., MTEP, įrengimų įsigijimas, žinių įsigijimas, personalo mokymai), inovacijų tipus (pvz., produkto, proceso, organizacijos, marketingo), inovacijų tikslus (pvz., pagerinti tarpusavio komunikaciją, užimti naują rinką, padidinti gamybinį pajėgumą, padidinti lankstumą, greičiau atsakyti į klientų poreikius), inovacijų pobūdį (pvz., inovacijos, plėtotos įmonėje bendradarbiaujant ar imituojant; produktas naujas rinkai ar įmonei). Analizuota 60 inovacinę veiklą apibūdinančių kintamųjų, taip pat tyrime naudotas organizacijų veiklos sektorius nusakantis kintamasis bei įmonių konkurencingumo rodikliai. Nustatyti šeši inovacijų strategijų tipai, jų raiškos šešiolikoje Europos valstybių, strategijų sektoriniai reprezentatyvumai ir sąryšiai su įmonių konkurencingumu. Galiausiai pagrįsta, kokios inovacijų strategijos ir kodėl yra labiausiai būdingos pereinamosios ekonomikos šalims.Reikšminiai žodžiai: inovacijų strategija, įmonės konkurencingumas, pereinamoji ekonomika, ūkio sektorius.Organization-level innovation strategies: types and extentInga Stankevičė

SummaryThe paper is aimed at the identification of innovation strategies that are most typical of transition economies. For the investigation of innovation strategies, Community Innovation Survey (CIS) 2008 microdata from 16 European countries, collected by Eurostat, were used. The data include innovation activities (e. g. R&D, acquisition of machinery equipment or external knowledge, training, etc.), types of innovations (e.g. product, process, organisational, marketing, etc.), objectives of innovating (e. g. to improve communication and information sharing, to increase production capacity or flexibility, to enter new markets, etc.), innovation complexion (e. g. developed by the enterprise or enterprise group or developed other enterprises and/or institutions; product new-to market or new-to firm, etc.). The analysis includes 60 such vari­ables; in addition, the variable that describes the sectoral embeddedness was used, and two firm competitiveness indicators were also employed. Six innovation strategies were identified, as well as their extents in 16 European countries, their sec­toral coverage and their linkages with firm com­petitiveness. Ultimately, it is substantiated which innovation strategies and why are most typical of transition economies.Keywords: innovation strategy, firm competi­tiveness, transition economy, industrial sector.

Crime has always been one of the major concerns of residents of many cities around the world. It is one of the fundamental threats faced at every level of society - individual, organizational, sub-national, national, international/global. The need to assure a high level of security for the city's inhabitants and visitors is one of the most important tasks of local government. It is clear that only a comprehensive strategy with different crime fighting methods can bring positive results. Although theories coming from social sciences dominate this field of research, the authors of the paper emphasize the role of other perspectives, especially those developed by urban planners. The second part of the paper describes the process and results of the empirical research conducted in Vilnius city which was aimed at identifying the most vulnerable to crime open public spaces of the city applying the space syntax theory. The analysis helped to identify several common tendencies and specific proposals for local governments aiming to achieve a higher level of security in their cities and a better quality of life for local population. ; Nusikalstamumas ir jo mažinimas – vienas iš pagrindinių daugelio pasaulio ir Lietuvos miestų gyventojų rūpestis. Tai vienas iš esminių socialinių pavojų, pasireiškiantis visais visuomenės lygmenimis: tiek individualiu, organizacijos, miesto, nacionaliniu, tiek ir tarptautiniu (globaliu). Bendruomenės narių ir jų grupių saugumo užtikrinimas yra vienas iš svarbiausių vietos valdžios institucijų veiklos uždavinių. Akivaizdu, kad tik taikant kompleksines strategijas, apimančias skirtingus nusikalstamumo prevencijos metodus, galima pasiekti teigiamų rezultatų. Nors mokslninkų ir praktikų diskusijose nusikalstamumo miestuose mažinimo tema dominuoja socialinių mokslų atstovų siūlomi sprendimai, straipsnio autoriai pabrėžia, kad būtina pažinti ir kartu aktyviai taikyti miestų planavimo srities specialistų siūlomus nusikalstamumą mažinančius metodus. Antroje straipsnio dalyje išsamiau pristatomas vienas iš miesto planuotojų siūlomų - erdvės sintaksės - metodas, padedantis nustatyti miesto urbanistinės struktūros ir nusikalstamų veikų įvykdymo sąlygų ryšius. Taip pat pateiktas tyrimas, kuriuo buvo siekiama, pritaikant erdvės sintaksės metodą, nustatyti Vilniaus miesto mažiausiai saugias atviras viešąsias erdves ir jų ypatumus bei pateikti siūlymus miestų vadovams, kaip šalinti nusikalstamumo priežastis taikant ne tik socialinius, ekonominius, bet ir miesto planavimo srities sprendimus.

Crime has always been one of the major concerns of residents of many cities around the world. It is one of the fundamental threats faced at every level of society - individual, organizational, sub-national, national, international/global. The need to assure a high level of security for the city's inhabitants and visitors is one of the most important tasks of local government. It is clear that only a comprehensive strategy with different crime fighting methods can bring positive results. Although theories coming from social sciences dominate this field of research, the authors of the paper emphasize the role of other perspectives, especially those developed by urban planners. The second part of the paper describes the process and results of the empirical research conducted in Vilnius city which was aimed at identifying the most vulnerable to crime open public spaces of the city applying the space syntax theory. The analysis helped to identify several common tendencies and specific proposals for local governments aiming to achieve a higher level of security in their cities and a better quality of life for local population.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ppaa.11.3.2498 ; Nusikalstamumas ir jo mažinimas – vienas iš pagrindinių daugelio pasaulio ir Lietuvos miestų gyventojų rūpestis. Tai vienas iš esminių socialinių pavojų, pasireiškiantis visais visuomenės lygmenimis: tiek individualiu, organizacijos, miesto, nacionaliniu, tiek ir tarptautiniu (globaliu). Bendruomenės narių ir jų grupių saugumo užtikrinimas yra vienas iš svarbiausių vietos valdžios institucijų veiklos uždavinių. Akivaizdu, kad tik taikant kompleksines strategijas, apimančias skirtingus nusikalstamumo prevencijos metodus, galima pasiekti teigiamų rezultatų. Nors mokslninkų ir praktikų diskusijose nusikalstamumo miestuose mažinimo tema dominuoja socialinių mokslų atstovų siūlomi sprendimai, straipsnio autoriai pabrėžia, kad būtina pažinti ir kartu aktyviai taikyti miestų planavimo srities specialistų siūlomus nusikalstamumą mažinančius metodus. ...

Crime has always been one of the major concerns of residents of many cities around the world. It is one of the fundamental threats faced at every level of society - individual, organizational, sub-national, national, international/global. The need to assure a high level of security for the city's inhabitants and visitors is one of the most important tasks of local government. It is clear that only a comprehensive strategy with different crime fighting methods can bring positive results. Although theories coming from social sciences dominate this field of research, the authors of the paper emphasize the role of other perspectives, especially those developed by urban planners. The second part of the paper describes the process and results of the empirical research conducted in Vilnius city which was aimed at identifying the most vulnerable to crime open public spaces of the city applying the space syntax theory. The analysis helped to identify several common tendencies and specific proposals for local governments aiming to achieve a higher level of security in their cities and a better quality of life for local population.

Crime has always been one of the major concerns of residents of many cities around the world. It is one of the fundamental threats faced at every level of society - individual, organizational, sub-national, national, international/global. The need to assure a high level of security for the city's inhabitants and visitors is one of the most important tasks of local government. It is clear that only a comprehensive strategy with different crime fighting methods can bring positive results. Although theories coming from social sciences dominate this field of research, the authors of the paper emphasize the role of other perspectives, especially those developed by urban planners. The second part of the paper describes the process and results of the empirical research conducted in Vilnius city which was aimed at identifying the most vulnerable to crime open public spaces of the city applying the space syntax theory. The analysis helped to identify several common tendencies and specific proposals for local governments aiming to achieve a higher level of security in their cities and a better quality of life for local population.

Crime has always been one of the major concerns of residents of many cities around the world. It is one of the fundamental threats faced at every level of society - individual, organizational, sub-national, national, international/global. The need to assure a high level of security for the city's inhabitants and visitors is one of the most important tasks of local government. It is clear that only a comprehensive strategy with different crime fighting methods can bring positive results. Although theories coming from social sciences dominate this field of research, the authors of the paper emphasize the role of other perspectives, especially those developed by urban planners. The second part of the paper describes the process and results of the empirical research conducted in Vilnius city which was aimed at identifying the most vulnerable to crime open public spaces of the city applying the space syntax theory. The analysis helped to identify several common tendencies and specific proposals for local governments aiming to achieve a higher level of security in their cities and a better quality of life for local population.

Crime has always been one of the major concerns of residents of many cities around the world. It is one of the fundamental threats faced at every level of society - individual, organizational, sub-national, national, international/global. The need to assure a high level of security for the city's inhabitants and visitors is one of the most important tasks of local government. It is clear that only a comprehensive strategy with different crime fighting methods can bring positive results. Although theories coming from social sciences dominate this field of research, the authors of the paper emphasize the role of other perspectives, especially those developed by urban planners. The second part of the paper describes the process and results of the empirical research conducted in Vilnius city which was aimed at identifying the most vulnerable to crime open public spaces of the city applying the space syntax theory. The analysis helped to identify several common tendencies and specific proposals for local governments aiming to achieve a higher level of security in their cities and a better quality of life for local population.