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the objective of the study was to investigate the relationship between childhood iq of parents and characteristics of their adult offspring. it was a prospective family cohort study linked to a mental ability survey of the parents and set in renfrew and paisley in scotland. participants were 1921-born men and women who took part in the scottish mental survey in 1932 and the renfrew/paisley study in the 1970s, and whose offspring took part in the midspan family study in 1996. there were 286 offspring from 179 families. parental iq was related to some, but not all characteristics of offspring. greater parental iq was associated with taller offspring. parental iq was inversely related to number of cigarettes smoked by offspring. higher parental iq was associated with better education, offspring social class and offspring deprivation category. there were no significant relationships between parental iq and offspring systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, cholesterol, glucose, lung function, weight, body mass index, waist hip ratio, housing, alcohol consumption, marital status, car use and exercise. structural equation modelling showed parental iq associated with offspring education directly and mediated via parental social class. offspring education was associated with offspring smoking and social class. the smoking finding may have implications for targeting of health education.

Acknowledgements We thank the cohort participants who contributed to these studies and the research staff who collected phenotypic data. Genotyping of the CAGES cohorts and the analyses conducted here were supported by the UK's Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC). Phenotype collection in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1921 was supported by the BBSRC, The Royal Society and The Chief Scientist Office of the Scottish Government. Phenotype collection in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 was supported by Research Into Ageing (continues as part of Age UK's The Disconnected Mind project). Phenotype collection in the Aberdeen Birth Cohort 1936 was supported by BBSRC, the Wellcome Trust and Alzheimer's Research UK. Phenotype collection in the Manchester and Newcastle Longitudinal Studies of Cognitive Ageing cohorts was supported by Social Science Research Council, Medical Research Council, Economic and Social Research Council, Research Into Ageing, Wellcome Trust and Unilever plc. The work was undertaken in The University of Edinburgh Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, part of the cross council Lifelong Health and Wellbeing Initiative (MR/K026992/1). Funding from the BBSRC, EPSRC, ESRC and MRC is gratefully acknowledged. Authors MJ Wright, N K Hansell, SE Medland, NG Martin, and GW Montgomery would like to acknowledge and thank their twin sample for their participation; the Australian Research Council (ARC) for supporting data collection (A7960034, A79906588, A79801419, DP0212016, DP0343921, DP0664638, DP1093900), and the National Health & Medical Research Council (NHMRC) for funding genotyping (Medical Bioinformatics Genomics Proteomics Programme, 389891). SE Medland is supported by an ARC Future Fellowship. Statistical analyses were carried out on the GenEpi Cluster which is financially supported by contributions from grants from the NHMRC (389892;496682;496688;496739;613672) and ARC (FT0991022;FT0991360). ; Peer reviewed ; Publisher PDF