Suchergebnisse

Abstract
There is growing academic interest in parliamentary diplomacy. This is a welcome development because for many years only parliamentary practitioners themselves paid much attention to the parliamentarization of international affairs, and then mainly from a technical interparliamentary cooperation perspective. This presently consolidating academic literature still requires a fresh impetus if only because there still remain numerous important and problematic issues that need to be addressed. This article will first set the study of parliamentary diplomacy in its wider context, offering examples and definitions. It will then review its main findings to date – before suggesting a number of important research questions that deserve further attention. It is argued that future studies will need to examine them in more detail in order to strengthen academic research into this ever-expanding worldwide phenomenon. The conclusions will also include a practical suggestion for developing this important new dimension in diplomatic studies even further.

Following the end of the Cold War and the appearance of globalization and new forms of regionalization, new actors have emerged in world politics and changed the traditional practice of diplomacy. New forms of diplomacy range from economic diplomacy to paradiplomacy, cultural diplomacy, or even celebrity diplomacy. Parliamentary diplomacy has also developed its influence in this new world, and there is now a clear "parliamentarization" of world politics. This phenomenon resulted from democratization, globalization, regionalization, and technological developments. There are now three different perspectives on diplomacy: statist (the state speaks with one voice), globalist (the growth of nonstate diplomacy), and postglobalist (combining both state-centric and multicentric realities). This essay falls clearly within the last of these three possibilities. It focuses on the growth of parliamentary diplomacy in the Mediterranean Basin.

The theory and practice of diplomacy has evolved greatly over the past few decades. Parliamentary diplomacy has become common practice, although there is an academic gap in its study, especially in the case of France. This essay aims to filling that gap: it shows how French parliamentarians have been active in foreign policy. First, they used the new concept of "responsibility to protect" (R2P) in 2011 over Libya. Then, in the case of Syria, their main focus was on reacting to the 2013 use of chemical weapons by the Bashar al-Assad regime. Later still, after several Daesh terrorist attacks in Paris, they moved on to emphasize the right of "self-defense."

International audience ; The emergence of Brazil as an important international actor is an accepted fact. In an emerging world order that is trying to produce effective multilateralism, the collaboration between "like-minded" democratic states and other political entities is a necessary though not sufficient pre-condition. This article offers a critical analysis of the impact of Brazil's foreign policy during the Lula and Rousseff presidencies. It argues that especially during Lula's two terms in office, Brazil's ́foreign policy has had a particularly negative impact on the rhetoric of "civilian power Europe". The article concentrates on a number of case studies. The wider interest of this article is that it offers an illustration of how difficult the task of creating a new multilateral world order will be. ; [ES] La emergencia de Brasil como actor internacional importante no cabe más duda. En un nuevo orden mundial basado sobre multilateralismo efectivo, la colaboración entre estados y otros entes democráticos de "ideas afinaes" es una condición necesaria aunque no suficiente. Este artículo presenta un análisis critico del impacto de la política exterior de Brasil bajo las presidencias de Lula y Rousseff sobre la retórica de la "potencia civil europea". El artículo ilustra esto con ejemplos concretos. El interés más general es que presenta también una ilustración de lo complicado que es crear un nuevo orden internacional multilateralista.