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Abstract

Research background: The article attempts to include the accuracy of statistical data in a synthetic evaluation and classification of EU countries in terms of innovation.

Purpose: The aim of the article is to evaluate an influence of the accuracy of statistical data on a classification of EU countries in terms of innovation.

Research methodology: The research employed diagnostic variables determining the innovation of EU countries and a methodology proposed by the European Commission in the European Innovation Scoreboard 2019. The influence of the uncertainty of the measurement of the diagnostic variables on the Summary Innovation Index of EU countries was evaluated. In order to do this, a procedure employing the Monte Carlo method was proposed.

Results: Taking into account the uncertainty of the measurement of variables in the evaluation of the innovation of EU countries resulted in qualifying one of the countries to another innovation group.

Novelty: The article draws attention to an important but often neglected problem related to the accuracy of statistical data used in research, and the evaluation of their influence on the calculation of a value of synthetic measure (based on the innovation of EU countries).

The purpose of this article is to compare the level of sustainable development of the European Union (EU) Countries and the definition of the Polish position in the ranking. Based on 32 statistical indicators characterizing the sustainable development, synthetic measures were selected and EU countries were ordering from most to least developed. Rank is prepared using standard development Hellwig method based on the Weber median. The results confirm the high relevance of the proposed methods for the assessment of the sustainable development of the EU Countries.

Selected aspects of the public e-administration functioning are estimated in the article. The surveys covered all Marshall as well as Voivodship Offices in Poland and all self-governmental units of the Podkarpackie voivodship. Data for analysis were received per e-mail as well as application for public information filed per e-mail. The public e-administration development is different in different Offices. Better situation is in Marshall and Voivodship Offices than in Gminas (example of the Podkarpackie voivodship).

Participatory budgeting, also called civic budgeting, is a major instrument to facilitate engagement in local government affairs and foster social awareness among residents. It consists in involving residents in the allocation of a pool of public funds made available by local authorities. The purpose of this article is to assess the implementation of participatory budgeting in the city of Przemyśl, Podkarpackie Province, between 2013 and 2022. The assessment methods are desk research based on publicly available data, and interviews with city hall staff. The study confirms that the implementation of participatory budgeting made it possible to achieve the overarching goal of the project, which was to increase engagement by encouraging citizens to participate in public life and co-decide on the allocation of public funds.

This paper compares and statistically evaluates two complex phenomena emerging from the example of Polish voivodeships in the years 2017-2019: the resulting financial situation and the level of sustainable development. The authors applied a model-free research method of linear ordering for objects, taking into account the dynamics of this approach. Through this method, the authors determined the financial situation and sustainable development of Polish voivodeships by using the values of synthetic measures. The results of the study confirm previous findings about differentiation of Polish voivodeships as regards to both their financial situations and their levels of sustainable development. Conclusions from this study may be the basis for comparison between the territorial units examined, helping future policy makers choose rationally. The methodological approach has great practical value, and might be used in comparative research: e.g., by territorial units in different countries to determine their own financial situations and levels of sustainable development.

The analysis of management efficiency is an important element in evaluating the functioning of public administration from an economic point of view. In order to achieve greater efficiency of the management process, and thus the quality in public administration, it is important to analyze and evaluate its elements. Modern research usually covers individual elements, parts of the management process. However, the current study proposes a comprehensive approach to this process. The objective of the article is the evaluate levels of management efficiency of local government offices using a single synthetic indicator and also to identify areas that hinder management efficiency. The study applies the institutional analysis methodology, adjusting it to the needs of the article. The article postulates that areas that call for immediate changes in Poland's local government offices should include such areas as strategic and financial management, invigorating economic development, project management and public service offers. Any changes thus introduced in these areas may enhance improvements in management processes, effectiveness and efficiency of activities, the quality of the office's functioning, organizational development, which togethr indirectly affects local development.

Iako su zemlje Europske unije (EU) među najvažnijim turističkim destinacijama na svijetu, njihov je razvoj funkcije turizma različit. Stoga nam se čini interesantnim usporediti razinu razvoja funkcije turizma u zemljama EU-a. U ovom se članku pokušava odrediti vrijednost sintetičke mjere razina razvoja funkcije turizma zemalja EU-a, uzimajući u obzir osam najčešće korištenih indikatora. U istraživanju se koristila Mjera opće udaljenosti (MOU) prema M. Walesiaku gdje je normalizacija varijabli provedena za razdoblje od 2007. do 2016. godine korištenjem formule temeljene na medijanu. Empirijsko istraživanje provedeno je za prosječne podatke i vremenske nizove, što je omogućilo usporedbu promjena u vremenskoj dimenziji analiziranih pojava. Na osnovu rezultata autori su rangirali zemlje EU-a prema stupnjevima razvoja funkcije turizma i klasifi cirali ih u tri skupine. Prema razini razvoja 2016. godine vodila je Malta. Srednje visok stupanj razvoja funkcije turizma zabilježen je u skupini zapadno-europskih zemalja dok su na srednje niskom stupnju razvoja bile srednjoeuropske i skandinavske zemlje te neke u Zapadnoj Europi. Dobiveni bi rezultati mogli poslužiti kao osnova za ispravnije upravljanje turizmom u zemljama EU-a i kompetentnije odlučivanje o alokaciji europskih sredstava. ; European Union countries are the most signifi cant tourist destinations around the world. However, the level of development of tourist function is not the same in all European Union countries. It seems interesting to compare the level of tourist function development of European Union countries. The article attempts to determine the value of the synthetic measure of levels of development of the tourist function of European Union countries, taking into consideration the eight most frequently utilised indicators. The study applies M. Walesiak's General Distance Measure (GDM), where the normalisation of variables was undertaken during 2007-2016 with the application of a median-based formula. The empirical research was conducted, using the dynamic approach (for cross-sectional and tidal data) thus, enabling the comparison of changes observed in the analysed phenomenon tidally. The research findings enabled the authors to rank EU countries in terms of their tourist function development levels and to classify them into three groups. In 2016, the leader regarding the level of development of tourist function was Malta. The majority of Western European countries have medium-high levels of development of in tourist function, whereas the group of countries with medium-low levels included countries from East-Central Europe, Scandinavian countries and several Western Europe countries. The obtained results can lay the foundation for the proper management of tourism in EU countries and for proper decision-making regarding the allocation of EU funds.