Suchergebnisse

"The Norwegian food market engenders strong opinions and substantial media attention, with questions regarding agricultural regulations, competition between retail food chains, and the relationship between chains and their suppliers fueling debate. Meanwhile the country's politicians call for greater intervention.

Much of the debate can seem to be happening "against our better judgment". Vague assumptions about the state of the food sector, paired with a strong political will to apply initiatives, is reason enough to look closer at the situation.

This anthology provides an up-to-date factual assessment of the entire value chain in the food market. Central topics include development of productivity in the various segments of the food chain, price differences between different countries, and effects of Norway's tariff system. The book presents new contributions concerning the structure of the market, access to food stores and the significance of brand names, and especially to the kind of bargaining tactics employed between food chains and suppliers, with an overview of how their negotiations are carried out and possibilities for regulatory measures afforded under existing laws.

Against Better Judgment in the Norwegian Food Sector confirms existing knowledge and presents new findings that deserve attention from the sector itself, the media and public authorities. The book will be of interest to everyone seeking to understand the Norwegian food sector and take part in its further development.

The book's chapters have been written by seven researchers with lengthy experience in the field, and edited by Frode Steen, a professor in the Department of Economics at the Norwegian School of Economics, and Ivar Pettersen, a senior advisor at the Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research." - "Det norske matmarkedet er preget av sterke meninger og stor medieoppmerksomhet. Spørsmål som reguleringer i jordbruket, konkurranse mellom dagligvarekjeder og forholdet mellom kjeder og leverandører skaper debatt. Samtidig etterlyser landets politikere en mer intensiv bruk av virkemidler.

Mye av debatten kan synes å skje «mot bedre vitende». Uklare oppfatninger om tilstanden i matsektoren, koblet med en sterk politisk vilje til å gjøre tiltak, gir grunn til å se nærmere på situasjonsbeskrivelsen.

Denne boken gir et oppdatert faktagrunnlag om hele verdikjeden i matmarkedet. Sentrale tema er produktivitetsutvikling i de ulike leddene i matkjeden, prisforskjeller mellom ulike land og effekter av det norske tollvernet. Boken presenterer nye bidrag rundt markedsstruktur, butikktilgjengelighet og merkevarens betydning. Forhandlingsspillet mellom kjeder og leverandører vies stor plass, med innføring i hvordan forhandlingene foregår samt hvilke muligheter eksisterende lovverk gir for regulerende tiltak.

Mot bedre vitende i norsk matsektor bekrefter eksisterende kunnskap og frembringer nye funn som fortjener oppmerksomhet fra bransje, medier og myndigheter. Boken vil være nyttig for alle som ønsker å forstå norsk matsektor og delta i den videre utformingen av denne.

Boken inneholder bidrag fra syv forskere med lang fartstid på feltet. Den er redigert av Frode Steen, professor ved Institutt for samfunnsøkonomi ved Norges Handelshøyskole, og Ivar Pettersen, seniorrådgiver ved Norsk institutt for bioøkonomi."

Using data on prices, production, and exports, we are able to identify marginal costs as well as the effectiveness of the Norwegian cement industry cartel. We find that our marginal cost estimates are very much in line with the detailed cost accounting data. We show that the cement cartel has been ineffective because the sharing rule induces "overproduction" and exporting below marginal costs. It is consumers — not firms — who benefit from the sharing rule. The ineffectiveness of the cartel was becoming so large that domestic welfare of a merger to monopoly would be positive around 1968, which is when the merger actually took place! We also show that competition would have resulted in even higher welfare gains over the entire sample.

Abstract
We study the contracts of 898 legal Finnish cartels. Cartels that exclusively allocate markets, either geographically or in the product/production space, are dominant in manufacturing. They are often bilateral and include a vertical dimension. Structural industry characteristics predict the type of a cartel, e.g., consistent with theory, quota cartels are more common in manufacturing and when buyers are primarily industrial. The contracts of quota cartels include more (governance) clauses. Pure pricing cartels are the dominant cartel type in non-manufacturing and are more common when demand is primarily from retail buyers. Pricing cartels are larger than other types of cartels.