Suchergebnisse

Die vorliegende Arbeit zeigt die vielfältigen Möglichkeiten des Einsatzes von Semantic Web Technologien im Bereich von Kulturerbeprojekten auf. Der Fokus wurde dabei auf digitalen Editionen gesetzt. Das Projekt "Virtuelles Museum der Universität Graz" dient hierbei als ein Beispiel für die Nutzung von Semantic Web Technologien in einem Editionsprojekt mit dem Ziel der digitalen Langzeitarchivierung. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass GAMS (Geisteswissenschaftliches Asset Management System) als zugrundeliegende Infrastruktur am Zentrum für Informationsmodellierung an der Universität Graz diesem Anspruch folgen kann. Die Veröffentlichung der "Content Layers" also jeglicher inhaltlicher Informationen von Kulturerbeprojekten wie diesem kann mit Hilfe von Transformationen gesteuert werden. Das bedeutet, der Kern der Edition bleibt immer bestehen und kann dennoch etwa nach RDF, der "Sprache" des Semantic Web übersetzt werden. Dieses Prinzip der Modularität wird auch von GAMS hochgehalten. Somit können in der Infrastruktur selbst verschiedene Module gegen andere ausgetauscht werden, ohne das Kernsystem verändern zu müssen und selbiges gilt für die in GAMS verfügbaren Daten. Diese können menschenlesbar in Form eines PDFs oder einer Webseite aufbereitet werden oder aber maschinenlesbar in Form von RDF oder anderen maschinenlesbaren Formaten. An dieser Stelle beginnt sich das Potential von hochstrukturierten Daten zu entfalten. Digitale Editionen könnten von einer Veröffentlichung ihrer Daten in RDF sowie der Nutzung von kontrollierten Vokabularien oder sogar Ontologien stark profitieren. Während in anderen Bereichen wie etwa der Medizin oder Regierungsdaten Semantic Web Technologien wie RDF Vokabularien bereits weit verbreitet sind, würde der Einsatz letzterer bei digitalen Editionen in Kulturerbeprojekten einen großen Schritt vorwärts bedeuten. ; This thesis shows the vast possibilities of the implementation of Semantic Web technologies in cultural heritage projects with a special focus on digital scholarly editions. The project "Virtual Museum of the University of Graz" was used as an example of how to use Semantic Web technologies in a project that involves scholarly editing and the goal of digital long-term preservation. It was shown that GAMS (Geisteswissenschafltiches Asset Management System) as the underlying infrastructure at the Centre for Information Modelling at the University of Graz supports the use of Semantic Web technologies while at the same time fulfilling the ideas of long-term archiving of digital editions. The dissemination of the content layers of such cultural heritage projects can be handled with transformations i.e. the core information stays the same and relevant parts of this information can be extracted and translated to RDF, the "language" of the Semantic Web. Just as GAMS as an infrastructure is heavily modular and certain parts can be exchanged without having to touch the rest of the system, the same holds true for the information that is held within GAMS. The information can be viewed by humans by, for instance, transforming it into a PDF document or a website. It can however also be read by machines by transforming it into RDF and other machine-readable formats. This is where the potential of structured data unfolds. Digital scholarly editions could significantly profit from exposing the generated data as RDF and by using controlled vocabularies or even have ontology structures behind them. While already being heavily used in domains such as medicine and government data, the creation of RDF vocabularies for digital editions would mean a great step forward in the goal of achieving reusability of the data gathered in cultural heritage projects. ; vorgelegt von Mag. phil. Christian Steiner ; Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung des Verfassers/der Verfasserin ; Zusammenfassungen in Deutsch und Englisch ; Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Masterarbeit, 2017 ; (VLID)1917450

Questions about how human-environment-relations can be conceptualized in a non-dualistic way have been intensively discussed throughout the last decades. The majority of the established realist and constructivist perspectives aim at explaining a given situation by analytically dissecting it. Unfortunately, such an interactionist perspective systematically reproduces the dualistic division between humans, environment and nature. In contrast, this paper offers a transactive perspective origin in classical pragmatism and discusses its meta-theoretical consequences for human-environment-research. A transactionist perspective interprets the world as a flow of unique and entangled events. Instead of ontologically separating humans and environment, it advocates to look at their relations as being part of a "connatural world". Such a point of view raises new ethical and political questions for geographical human-environment research, argues for a renaissance of ideographic methodologies and hints to a fruitful unity of geographical inquiry.

This article challenges claims that liberalising state regulated markets in developing countries may induce lasting economic development. The analysis of the rise of tourism in Egypt during the last three decades suggests that the effects of liberalisation and structural adjustment are constrained by the neo-patrimonial character of the Egyptian political system. Since the decline of oil rent revenues during the 1980s tourism development was the optimal strategy to compensate for the resulting fiscal losses. Increasing tourism revenues have helped in coping with macroeconomic imbalances and in avoiding more costly adjustment of traditional economic sectors. Additionally, they provided the private elite with opportunities to generate large profits. Therefore, sectoral transformations due to economic liberalisation in neo-patrimonial Rentier states should be described as a process, which has led to the diversification of external rent revenues, rather than to a general downsizing of the Rentier character of the economy. ; Dieser Artikel stellt den Zusammenhang zwischen nachhaltiger wirtschaftlicher Entwicklung infolge der Liberalisierung staatlich regulierter Märkte in Entwicklungsländern in Frage. Die Analyse des Aufstiegs des Tourismussektors in Ägypten seit Anfang der 1970er Jahre zeigt, dass die Liberalisierung und Diversifizierung der ägyptischen Ökonomie maßgeblich durch den neopatrimonialen Charakter ihres politischen Systems bestimmt war. Infolge des Rückgangs der Erdölpreise seit den frühen 1980er Jahren wurde der Ausbau des Tourismussektors zur optimalen Entwicklungsstrategie, um Einnahmenverlust zu kompensieren. Die steigenden Tourismuseinnahmen halfen dem ägyptischen Staat, makroökonomische Ungleichgewichte auszugleichen und kostspielige Anpassungsprozesse in traditionellen Wirtschaftssektoren zu vermeiden. Darüber hinaus eröffnete die Tourismusentwicklung den privaten Wirtschaftseliten des Landes neue Möglichkeiten, erhebliche Profite zu realisieren. Sektorale Transformationen in neopatrimonialen Rentier-Staaten sollten deswegen vor allem als Rentendiversifizierung verstanden werden und weniger als Prozesse, die den Rentencharakter einer Volkswirtschaft im Allgemeinen verringern.

This book is a guide to how financial steering is designed, measured and implemented with a special focus on the energy industry. The authors offer an overview of and practical insights into the links between financial steering and accounting, and the temporary cycles of investment, divestment, return and loss, market highs and lows that form the framework of the entire energy industry across all value chain stages. The faster and the larger the cash cycles of investments and their returns, the greater not only the value created, but also the potential loss if the financial steering is not properly designed and managed. Value and value generation require an understanding of how value is both defined and measured in both and how the business/project economics model of a company works - financial steering provides this. Further, the book also discusses accounting topics such as impairments, new IFRS standards and the impact of accounting on key performance indicators of financial steering, which are associated with these investment decision valuations. The combination of accounting with the cash flow perspective provides a complete understanding of selected practical topics of financial steering which are explained in detail in a large number of examples and case studies. The book is intended for a wide range of finance/controlling/treasury/accounting professionals and students. It is written in practical and simple terms to outline the financial steering concept and to bring it to life in daily work and in the decision making process for financial steering. All illustrated concepts are in the same manner relevant and applicable to all other asset-intense industry sectors and their financial steering processes.

This article challenges claims that liberalising state regulated markets in developing countries may induce lasting economic development. The analysis of the rise of tourism in Egypt during the last three decades suggests that the effects of liberalisation and structural adjustment are constrained by the neo-patrimonial character of the Egyptian political system. Since the decline of oil rent revenues during the 1980s tourism development was the optimal strategy to compensate for the resulting fiscal losses. Increasing tourism revenues have helped in coping with macroeconomic imbalances and in avoiding more costly adjustment of traditional economic sectors. Additionally, they provided the private elite with opportunities to generate large profits. Therefore, sectoral transformations due to economic liberalisation in neo-patrimonial Rentier states should be described as a process, which has led to the diversification of external rent revenues, rather than to a general downsizing of the Rentier character of the economy. (GIGA)