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In the years 2015 and 2016, in Germany more than half a million refugees were granted asylum or they
were accepted being eligible for subsidiary protection. Thus, they got a residence permit. About 29% of the
accepted refugees were younger than 18 years. To study education related integration issues in this group,
in 2016 the large-scale survey study "Refugees in the German Educational System (ReGES)" had been
established. In this study, refugee children not yet in elementary school and students in lower secondary
education are surveyed. This article gives some first insights from the field of the study, details its multistage
sampling and study design, reports gross and net sample sizes, and gives response rates. In total,
more than 4,000 families were found to have more than 5,000 children of the desired population. About
2,400 refugee children and about the same number of refugee students participated in the first wave in
2017/2018. This is around 50% of the Kindergarten children's parents and around 44% of the students,
whose addresses were sampled, and an interviewer was sent to, could be interviewed. These high
response rates point to the effectiveness of the study design. Additionally, they show the strong interest of
the considered refugee population in the study.

This paper describes the weighting methodology for the second wave of the Living in Germany - Nationwide Corona Monitoring study (RKI-SOEP2). Information from the larger, ongoing German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) study from which the households are sampled is used to analyze the determinants of non-contact, attrition, and refusal to participate at the household and individual level as well as to correct the data accordingly. For a sample of 6,791 households and 11,223 individuals, we find that personal attributes and socio-economic factors at the household level and the advent of the omicron variant are the key determinants at the household level for non-response. Demographic and socio-economic factors represent the most important predictors for non-response at the individual level.

This paper provides details on the sampling design, field results and nonresponse, as well as population adjustments for the 2018 Sample O of the Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP). Sample O refreshes the SOEPCore sample by adding the residents of households in neighborhoods that receive government funding as part of the Soziale Stadt (Socially Integrative City) urban development and planning program. To provide a sample of households within these neighborhoods, the SOEP implemented a novel sampling approach integrating grid level census counts on the population and georeferenced building addresses. The approach is both cost efficient and lends itself as an alternative to the often criticized random route techniques. Obtaining nearly 1,000 interviews and panel consent of households in the neighborhoods was a demanding task in the fieldwork period. Nevertheless, nonresponse on the household level was driven primarily by neighborhood characteristics such as social composition and by whether survey staff were able to contact the household.

This paper provides details on the sampling design, fieldwork, nonresponse, and population adjustments for the 2020 sample M6 of the Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP). Sample M6 refreshes the SOEP core samples M3, M4, and M5, sampling households of refugees who arrived in Germany between January 2013 and the end of December 2016. The sample also augments the SOEP core by sampling households of refugees who arrived in Germany between January 2017 and June 2019. Obtaining nearly 1,000 household interviews and panel consent of households for each sample was complicated by the first wave of the Covid-19 pandemic and the first lockdown. Nevertheless, nonresponse on the household level is driven by a variety of characteristics, such as nationality or regional contexts as well as interviewer characteristics.

Since the beginning of the Russian invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022, many people have fled the war and left their home country. By the end of January 2023, more than one million Ukrainian refugees had been registered in Germany alone. In contrast to refugees from other countries of origin in Germany, Ukrainian citizens can choose their place of residence if they have either found private accommodation with family members or friends or do not claim state support. However, little information exists on where within Germany Ukrainian refugees have moved and why certain regions are potentially more attractive than others. There exists a substantial literature on the location choices of migrants in general, showing that the existing level of immigrant concentration is an important determinant, while economic factors have a smaller effect - if not in the initial location choice after immigration, then at least in later location decisions. Whereas these studies mainly focus on labour migrants, research on refugees' location choices is still scarce, because refugees are usually assigned to specific places of residence by the authorities in many European countries. In the context of forced migration, spatial patterns may therefore largely be related to administrative decisions. In this paper, we aim to answer the question of the settlement patterns of recently arrived refugees from Ukraine in Germany by using current data from the Central Register of Foreigners. These patterns are modelled on the NUTS-3 level and consider the proportion of previous Ukrainian migrants living within those regions as well as additional economic, demographic, and geographical factors. Spatial regression models show that, on the one hand, Ukrainian refugees indeed settle where the number of Ukrainians is already high. The empirical analyses also indicate a correlation between the spatial patterns of refugees in general and Ukrainian refugees, suggesting that dispersal policies may play a role in explaining settlement patterns. Furthermore, affordable housing and lower rents are important explanatory variables.

Russlands Krieg gegen die Ukraine führte ab Ende Februar 2022 zu einer der größten Fluchtbewegungen innerhalb Europas seit Mitte des 20. Jahrhunderts. Für viele der Geflüchteten waren Berlin und andere Großstädte wie Frankfurt, Hamburg und Hannover die ersten Anlaufstellen in Deutschland. Insbesondere in den ersten Monaten nach Kriegsbeginn wurde bei ukrainischen Geflüchteten - im Gegensatz zu anderen Gruppen von Geflüchteten - auf Maßnahmen der Wohnsitzbeschränkungen und auf staatliche Zuweisungen weitgehend verzichtet. Vor diesem Hintergrund analysiert der Beitrag die regionale Verteilung der Geflüchteten in Deutschland auf Ebene der kreisfreien Städte und Landkreise und liefert Erklärungsansätze der entstandenen räumlichen Muster.

AbstractFollowing Russia's invasion of Ukraine in early 2022, more than one million refugees have arrived in Germany. These Ukrainian refugees differ in many aspects from Germany's past forced migration experiences and there exists an urgent need for sound data and information for politics, practitioners, and academics. In response, the IAB-BiB/FReDA-BAMF-SOEP study was established to provide high-quality longitudinal data following a register-based probability sample. We detail on an approach for sampling refugees in brief time, making use of two different registers—the German population register and the central register of foreigners—and discuss the quality of the final sample with respect to potential selectivity of participation in the panel. Overall, we demonstrate the benefits and feasibility of establishing register-based samples even in the context of a geopolitical crisis and the necessity of sound data within brief time horizons. We provide guidance that can be followed for similar events in the future.

This study describes the first wave of the IAB-BiB/FReDA-BAMF-SOEP Survey on Ukrainian Refugees in Germany, a unique panel dataset based on over 11,000 interviews conducted between August and October 2022. The aim of the IAB-BiB/FReDA-BAMF-SOEP Survey is to provide a data-infrastructure for theory-driven and evidence-based research on various aspects of integration among Ukrainian refugees in Germany, the second most important destination country in the EU after Poland, hosting over a million people who arrived in Germany shortly after the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Based on the survey, this study also provides first insights into demographic, educational, linguistic, occupational, and social characteristics of this population. The analyses revealed that the refugee population comprised mostly young and educated individuals, with a significant proportion of females without partners and female-headed separated families. While German language skills were limited, about half of Ukrainian refugees had attended or were attending language courses. However, the integration process faced significant challenges, as the participation of children in day-care was relatively low, and the self-reported life satisfaction was markedly below the average of the German population. The study highlights the need for targeted policy measures to address such issues. Additionally, policies may aim at harnessing the high potential of the Ukrainian refugees for the German labor market. Given that a substantial proportion would like to stay in Germany permanently, policymakers should take note of these findings and aim to facilitate their long-term integration process to ensure that these refugees may thrive in Germany.

Das Sozio-oekonomische Panel (SOEP) ist eine repräsentative Wiederholungsbefragung, die bereits seit 1984 läuft. Im Auftrag des DIW Berlin werden jedes Jahr Personen aus Haushalten in ganz Deutschland von unserem Erhebungsinstitut befragt. Die Daten geben Auskunft zu Fragen über Einkommen, Erwerbstätigkeit, Bildung oder Gesundheit. Weil jedes Jahr die gleichen Personen befragt werden, können langfristige soziale und gesellschaftliche Trends besonders gut verfolgt werden. Zur adäquaten Erfassung des gesellschaftlichen Wandels werden immer wieder Stichproben implementiert, sowie eine Anpassung des Erhebungsprogramms vorgenommen. Anzahl der Haushalte (2018): 18.682, Anzahl der Personen (2018): 31.997 + 3971 Kinder

Das Sozio-oekonomische Panel (SOEP) ist eine repräsentative Wiederholungsbefragung, die bereits seit 1984 läuft. Im Auftrag des DIW Berlin werden jedes Jahr Personen aus Haushalten in ganz Deutschland von unserem Erhebungsinstitut befragt. Die Daten geben Auskunft zu Fragen über Einkommen, Erwerbstätigkeit, Bildung oder Gesundheit. Weil jedes Jahr die gleichen Personen befragt werden, können langfristige soziale und gesellschaftliche Trends besonders gut verfolgt werden. Zur adäquaten Erfassung des gesellschaftlichen Wandels werden immer wieder Stichproben implementiert, sowie eine Anpassung des Erhebungsprogramms vorgenommen. Anzahl der Haushalte (2018): 18.682, Anzahl der Personen (2018): 31.997 + 3971 Kinder

Das Sozio-oekonomische Panel (SOEP) ist eine repräsentative Wiederholungsbefragung, die bereits seit 1984 läuft. Im Auftrag des DIW Berlin werden jedes Jahr Personen aus Haushalten in ganz Deutschland von unserem Erhebungsinstitut befragt. Die Daten geben Auskunft zu Fragen über Einkommen, Erwerbstätigkeit, Bildung oder Gesundheit. Weil jedes Jahr die gleichen Personen befragt werden, können langfristige soziale und gesellschaftliche Trends besonders gut verfolgt werden. Zur adäquaten Erfassung des gesellschaftlichen Wandels werden immer wieder Stichproben implementiert, sowie eine Anpassung des Erhebungsprogramms vorgenommen. Anzahl der Haushalte (2018): 18.682, Anzahl der Personen (2018): 31.997 + 3971 Kinder

Das Sozio-oekonomische Panel (SOEP) ist eine repräsentative Wiederholungsbefragung, die bereits seit 1984 läuft. Im Auftrag des DIW Berlin werden jedes Jahr Personen aus Haushalten in ganz Deutschland von unserem Erhebungsinstitut befragt. Die Daten geben Auskunft zu Fragen über Einkommen, Erwerbstätigkeit, Bildung oder Gesundheit. Weil jedes Jahr die gleichen Personen befragt werden, können langfristige soziale und gesellschaftliche Trends besonders gut verfolgt werden. Zur adäquaten Erfassung des gesellschaftlichen Wandels werden immer wieder Stichproben implementiert, sowie eine Anpassung des Erhebungsprogramms vorgenommen. Anzahl der Haushalte (2018): 18.682, Anzahl der Personen (2018): 31.997 + 3971 Kinder

Das Sozio-oekonomische Panel (SOEP) ist eine repräsentative Wiederholungsbefragung, die bereits seit 1984 läuft. Im Auftrag des DIW Berlin werden jedes Jahr Personen aus Haushalten in ganz Deutschland von unserem Erhebungsinstitut befragt. Die Daten geben Auskunft zu Fragen über Einkommen, Erwerbstätigkeit, Bildung oder Gesundheit. Weil jedes Jahr die gleichen Personen befragt werden, können langfristige soziale und gesellschaftliche Trends besonders gut verfolgt werden. Zur adäquaten Erfassung des gesellschaftlichen Wandels werden immer wieder Stichproben implementiert, sowie eine Anpassung des Erhebungsprogramms vorgenommen. Anzahl der Haushalte (2018): 18.682, Anzahl der Personen (2018): 31.997 + 3971 Kinder