Suchergebnisse

China's domestic climate-change policy has changed remarkably since 1988. In the late 1980s, the central government viewed climate change as a highly scientific, foreign affairs issue, and any policies were limited to scientific investigations. A mere decade later, climate change was seen as a developmental issue. By 2007 climate change had become a national priority. Since then, climate-change policies have expanded in measure and in scope. In this article I employ the advocacy coalition framework (ACF) to explain the policy changes. The ACF takes into account the overall sophistication of socioeconomic conditions in China as well as the climate-change advocacy coalition's communications and active use of their amassed knowledge to influence policy. (Asian Perspect/GIGA)

What lessons emerged during the development of China's national emissions trading scheme (ETS)? It was launched in late 2017 and started operation in July 2021, beginning with online trading of emissions permits. The preceding decade was used for preparing and testing, including seven pilot markets. It was decided to start with the power sector, the largest-emitting sector, and initially cover coal- and gas-fired power plants. This article offers theory-oriented and empirical contributions to domestic-level learning, and asks what happens after a policy has "landed." We employ an analytical concept originating from diffusion theory—<em>learning</em>—and view <em>internal learning</em> as a key mechanism. We argue that having a slow and well-prepared start contributes to the potential success of the ETS; further, that the lengthy preparatory period enabled China to address various obstacles, providing a strong basis for success, singly and as part of the national mitigation policy complex. <em>Internal learning </em>has proven crucial to the development of the ETS in China, with the learning process continuing as the national ETS becomes operative. We also discuss the possibilities for linking China's carbon market with other markets, which should heed China's ETS experience and emphasize learning.

Kina har de senere årene fått en sterkere stemme i internasjonal politikk og har rettet oppmerksomhet og interesse mot nordområdene og mulighetene som finnes der. Inntredenen i regionen av en voksende supermakt har ikke gått upåaktet hen og har reist en rekke spørsmål blant de arktiske landene. Mange har fremmet ulike syn på og spekulasjoner om Kinas handlinger og retorikk i Arktis, og felles for disse er at de ønsker å forstå Kinas intensjoner. Denne artikkelen presenterer Kinas arktiske politikkutforming, hvordan Kina presenterer sine interesser i Arktis, og beskriver viktige kinesiske handlingsområder i Arktis. Artikkelen forsøker å svare på spørsmålene: Hvordan ser Kinas interesser i nordområdene ut i dag, og hva kan vi forvente av fremtidig kinesisk aktivitet i nord? Avslutningsvis reflekterer vi over betydningen dette kan ha for Norge.
Abstract in English:The 'New Superpower': What Does China Want in the Arctic?In recent years, China has gained a stronger voice in international politics and has turned its attention and interest to the High North and the opportunities that exist there. The entry into the region of a growing superpower has not gone unnoticed, and has raised a number of questions among the Arctic states. Many observers have put forward different views and speculations about China's actions and rhetoric in the Arctic, and what they have in common is that they want to understand China's intentions. This article introduces China's Arctic policy-making, how China formulates its interests in the Arctic, and describes key areas of action in the Arctic. What do China's interests in the High North look like today? In conclusion, we reflect on the significance this may have for Norway.

AbstractChina launched its national emissions trading scheme (ETS) in late 2017. This article examines the key drivers behind China's 2011 decision to opt for ETS as a GHG mitigating policy tool and what lay behind the choice of the system's design features. Given the existence of the frontrunner EU ETS and that market mechanisms have spread across the world in recent years, we analyze the role played by policy diffusion in the decision to launch an ETS and in the subsequent design process, seen in relation to domestic drivers. The article investigates policy developments culminating in the 2011 carbon market announcement, and the reasons these design elements were chosen for the pilot schemes and the national market in the period 2011–2017. The article contributes to our understanding of policy diffusion at different stages of policy development in China, by revealing which diffusion mechanism is more prevalent at different stages. We find first that overall domestic conditions and drivers had the most consistent impact on policy decisions to establish a carbon market and on the selected sectors. However, a second key finding is that the role of policy diffusion varied over time, with such diffusion, in the form of ideational impact, playing the most important role early on, providing a powerful inducement for China to go for a carbon market. Third, sophisticated learning from international projects took place in the pilots, allowing China to adapt policies and design features to match local conditions.