Suchergebnisse

Aus osteuropäischer Sicht

Analysis of the PRC's economic development during the 6th five-year-plan period (1981-85) from a Marxist-Leninist (pro-Soviet) viewpoint. The positive changes in China's agriculture connected with the economic reform. Substantial discrepancies between plan targets and the actual situation in the economy, especially in industry, as well as uneven development observed during the past five-year-plan period. (DÜI-Sen)

The article deals with economic policy changes after the death of Mao Zedong, the rapid economic growth from 1981 to 1984, the return to more rational methods of management, the peasants' labour activity and efficiency sharply enhanced by direct material incentives etc. The already slow process of the mechanisation of agriculture adversely affected by labour redundancy. The threat of a growing private-property petty-bourgeois ideology. The main principles of the PRC's economic reform: greater self-sufficiency for enterprises, curtailment of mandatory planning in favour of advisory planning among other things. (DÜI-Sen)

The decomposition of β-metastable phase in (α+β)-titanium alloys during continuous heating needs a detailed investigation in the range of relatively small temperatures. The staging of β-solid solution decay was studied on the solution treated and water quenched VT16 (Ti-3Al-5Mo-5V) used for fasteners production. The thermal exo-effects of β-phase decomposition were examined using DSK. Corresponding effects in the in situ X-Ray diffraction patterns and storage modulus temperature dependence in the DMA curves are discussed. A three stage layout of β-decay is reported during continuous heating of VT16 with (α+β)-structure after quenching. ; This work received funding from the grant №18-13-00220 of the Russian Science Foundation. We acknowledge the purchase of X-ray diffraction installation by the financing from the contract №02.A03.21.0006 of Government Decree № 211.

Die Bedeutung der Außenwirtschaft als Instrument der Intensivierung der Volkswirtschaft ist auch in den sozialistischen Ländern erkannt worden. Gab es noch bis Anfang der 80er Jahre überwiegend Kompensationsgeschäfte, so werden inzwischen durch die Gründung von Gemeinschaftsunternehmen direkte Investitionen von ausländischem Kapital ermöglicht. Um bessere Rahmenbedingungen für Investitionen ausländischer Unternehmer zu schaffen, greift man in der UdSSR gerne auf die Erfahrungen der VR China zurück. Danach zu beurteilen sind Anreize und Investitionsförderungsmaßnahmen sowie der Investitionsschutz für westliche Investoren zu bieten. Als sehr erfolgreich haben sich in der VR China die wirtschaftlichen Sonderzonen erwiesen. In der UdSSR plant man eine bessere territoriale Organisation der Außenwirtschaftstätigkeit, um die Schaffung von wirtschaftlichen Sonderzonen zu ermäglichen. (BIOst-Ldg)

Aus sowjetischer Sicht

Considered an approach to predict the effectiveness of the march military formation on the reliability of weapons and military equipment with use as a criterion the complex index of reliability coefficient of operational readiness by using analytical modeling of the march on the basis of the mark-up state graph models of weapons and military equipment during the march. ; Рассмотрен подход к прогнозированию эффективности марша воинского формирования по надежности образцов вооружения и военной техники с использованием в качестве критерия комплексного показателя надежности коэффициента оперативной готовности с помощью аналитического моделирования совершения марша на основе размеченного граф состояний образцов вооружения и военной техники во время марша. ; Розглянуто підхід до прогнозування ефективності маршу військового формування за надійністю зразків озброєння і військової техніки з використанням в якості критерію комплексного показника надійності коефіцієнта оперативної готовності за допомогою аналітичного моделювання здійснення маршу на основі розміченого граф станів зразків озброєння і військової техніки під час маршу.

Die Autoren geben einen Überblick über die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung der VR China. Zu den zentralen Fragestellungen gehören die Probleme der gegenwärtigen Wirtschaftsreform, die eine qualitative Umgestaltung des Leitungssystems von Industrie und Landwirtschaft beinhaltet. Auch die "Öffnungspolitik" gegenüber den westlichen Staaten soll dazu beitragen, günstige Bedingungen für die forcierte wirtschaftliche Entwicklung zu schaffen. (BIOst-Ldg)

Titanium and its alloys often take the role of material for manufacturing the implants for orthopedic use. The purpose of the study is to determine the parameters of bending test of an implantable titanium plate used for osteosynthesis. The method described in the ISO 9585-2011 was analyzed for testing metal plates for fixation of fractured bone fragments. A comparison of the test results for plates on a 4-point bending for two different standards and the results of experiments are reported. The attention is drawn to the possibility of weakening of titanium plates with fixation holes. ; We hereby acknowledge the support of the Ministry of Science and Education of the Russian Federation, in accordance to the decree of the Government of April 9, 2010, №218, project number 03.G25.31.0234. The work was carried out using the laboratory equipment "Structural methods of analysis and properties of materials and nanomaterials" of the Center of Ural Federal University.

Dynamic mechanical analysis was performed on the sheets of commercial grain-oriented steel Fe-3%Si in annealed and cold-rolled conditions. The Young`s modulus was measured according to the 3-point bending scheme in the temperature range of 20.550 ∘C. The difference between the values of the elastic properties in the rolling direction and transverse directions were explained with the peculiarities of the structural and textural states. Two extreme points in the Young`s modulus temperature dependence are explained with the oxidation process, which occurs during heating of the samples. The obtained data can be employed to refine the simulation of the stress-strain state in cold rolling of commercial Fe-3%Si by the finite element method. ; The work financially supported by the RF Government decree № 211 (contract № 02.A03.21.0006).