Suchergebnisse

In a critical engagement with Gabriel Piterberg's Returns of Zionism, Zeev Sternhell questions its account of Jewish nationalism's origins and trajectory, offering a different picture rooted in the turbulent contingencies of 19th-century Europe and the war of 1947-49. Adapted from the source document.

It has often been claimed that fascism began with WWI & ended with the defeat of Hitler in 1945; however, it is more accurate to argue that fascism emerged long before WWI & that its tenets are still visible in the contemporary era. In an effort to prove this case, the relationship between historicism & fascism is discussed, social factors of the pre-WWI era are examined, political thinking of the time is outlined, & modernity is described. The relationship between fascism & intellectual thought, anti-Semitism, & Sorelian revolutionary revisionism is examined also. These events demonstrate that fascist thinking existed for 30 years before the beginning of WWI. Historical happenings should always be kept in mind when other political terminologies are discussed. For example, the historical background of totalitarianism, Stalinism, Nazism, & communism must be considered before these ideologies can be accurately portrayed. K. Larsen

In its essence, fascist ideology was the hard core of a far older & more widespread phenomenon: a comprehensive revision of the essential values of the humanistic, rationalistic, & optimistic heritage of the Enlightenment. This is the historic significance of fascism: before it was a political force, fascism was a cultural phenomenon rooted in the historicist & relativist revolt against the Franco-Kantian vision of man & society. Just as the Enlightenment was a political movement, the anti-Enlightenment was a two-centuries-long political movement as well. But it was only at the turn of the century that an aristocratic rejection of the Enlightenment was translated into truly popular, revolutionary terms: this is the framework in which the generation of 1890 launched the revolt against ideological modernity, against the "materialism" of liberalism & Marxism. Thus, fascism was a third revolutionary option between liberalism & Marxism that could offer its own vision of the world & create a new political culture. Adapted from the source document.