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Culture now has a prominent place on the urban policy and re-profiling agendas of cities around the world. City-based cultural planning emphasising creativity in all its guises has emerged as a significant local policy initiative, while the notion of the 'creative city' has become an urban imaging cliché. The proliferation of local blueprints for cultural planning/creative cities has been remarkable, while supra-state bodies such as the European Union and UNESCO are also fostering the use of culture in strategies to revive cities and urban economies and to brand places as 'different'. <

Der internationale Anstieg lokaler Kulturkonzeptionen mit Fokus auf die Entwicklung »kreativer Städte« ist besonders vor dem Hintergrund zwischenstaatlicher Organisationen wie der UNESCO bemerkenswert, die die Nutzung von Kreativität zur städtischen und wirtschaftlichen Wiederbelebung vorantreiben. Dieser Essay legt einige Widersprüche und Unebenheiten der konzeptuellen und politischen Grundlagen solcher Kulturplanungsinitiativen offen und diskutiert, inwiefern sich diese im Bruch zwischen Kulturkonzeption als Versprechen und Kulturkonzeption als strategische Handlung lokaler Regierungen niederschlagen. Deutlich wird hierbei, dass städtische Kulturkonzeptionen und die dahinterliegende, implizite Agenda im Hinblick auf die tatsächliche Schaffung innovativer Ansätze zur Förderung verschiedener städtischer Alltagskulturen neu gedacht werden müssen.

Both sport and the associated images of sporting bodies that are routinely packaged for the consumption of international audiences are heavily gendered. However, academic analyses of the trend to global sport have rarely considered the situation of women and their relationships as participants or consumers to sport and its imagery. Women's sporting contests almost never receive the media coverage required to enter the national, let alone the global, sporting marketplaces; consequently, women and their sports are rendered marginal. But women occupy complex, often contradictory, positions in the global media-sport nexus that require investigation in relation to the sports they play and the dominant images of the media. It is some of these issues that this article investigates. Using the media coverage of the Australian Tennis Open as a touchstone, the article explores the contradictory ways in which women players were represented and "packaged" for the consumption of the Australian audiences.

The charter of the International Olympic Committee prescribes that a `fine arts' event be held in conjunction with the sporting programme as an equally important aspect of the official Olympic Games calendar. As part of the staging of the 2000 Olympic Games, the Sydney Organising Committee for the Olympic Games is responsible for organizing and staging a `cultural' programme. Despite its centrality to the charter and ideals of the Olympic movement, the Cultural Olympiad has been greatly overshadowed by the frenetic nationalism, spectacle and media hype which surrounds the sporting events. This article sets out to explore the Sydney 2000 Cultural Olympiad in the context of the contending political agendas which are shaping the proposed programme. Also considered briefly are the discourses of identity — local, national and global — that will be mobilized, contested and defined through this festival of Olympic arts.

Expanded career opportunities for women have emerged following the women's movement and equal opportunity legislation. Today, statistics show more women, single, married and female heads of the household, are in the work force than ever before. Yet, women are not entering those jobs in which greater earning and advancement potential exist and professional women have not advanced significantly. The literature discussing issues related to women and work indicates that leadership responsibility may play a role in raising both the career aspirations and salience of women. If this is so then providing appropriate leadership experience emerges as a potential tool for helping counselors and teachers better prepare women to realistically consider the wider variety of options available to them. This study was designed to investigate the relationship between leadership responsibility and the career aspirations and salience of college women. A statistical approach was used to determine if there was a relationship between the independent variable, leadership experience, and the dependent variables, career commitment, perceptions of support for women working, independence, career aspirations, and self-esteem. Since parental and teacher support have been shown, in part, to influence both career aspirations and salience, they were treated as intervening variables. One hundred twelve female students enrolled in senior seminar at Eastern Illinois University during fall semester, 1985, participated in the study. This was a 10% sample of all senior females enrolled in the university. Senior seminars were selected using a random number table. This procedure was used to insure a representative sample. The only bias apparent was a timing bias as all seniors do not take senior seminar during the same semester. The study questionnaire is a composite of several scales that have been validated in other research. Seven scales are incorporated in the questionnaire. These scales measure self-esteem, career commitment, career aspirations, parental support, teacher support, support for women working, and independence. A question defining level of leadership responsibility was drafted for use in the study. The data were gathered over a three-week period. Senior seminar instructors were extremely cooperative. Students were allowed to complete the questionnaires in class so that the response was 100% for those students who had attended class. It took approximately 30 minutes for a student to complete the questionnaire. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences was used to analyze the data. Pearson correlations were run to study the relationship between the independent variable and the five dependent variables. Three partial correlations were run to control for the possible effect of the intervening variables of parental support, teacher support and parental and teacher support, together. The criterion for significance was established at the .05 level. Study findings indicate there is a very strong relationship between leadership responsibility and independence (p=.004). Although it is not significant at the .05 level, there is a trend toward a relationship between leadership responsibility and support for women working (p=.07).

"The Routledge companion to urban media and communication traces central debates within the burgeoning interdisciplinary research on mediated cities and urban communication. The volume brings together key interdisciplinary perspectives and global case studies to map key areas of research within media, cultural and urban studies, where a joint focus on communications and cities has made important innovations in how we understand urban space, technology, identity, and community. Exploring the emergence and growing complexity of urban media and communication as the next key theme for both urban and media studies, the book gathers and reviews fast developing knowledge on specific emergent phenomena such as: -reading the city as symbol and text; understanding urban infrastructures as media (and vice-versa); the rise of global cities; urban and suburban media cultures: newspapers, cinema, radio, television and the mobile phone; changing spaces and practices of urban consumption; the mediation of the neighbourhood, community and diaspora; the centrality of culture to urban regeneration; communicative responses to urban crises such as racism, poverty and pollution; the role of street art in the negotiation of 'the right to the city'; city competition and urban branding; outdoor advertising; moving image architecture; 'smart'/cyber urbanism; the emergence of media city production spaces and clusters. Tracing emerging debates and neglected connections between cities and media, this book challenges what we know about contemporary urban living and introduces innovative frameworks for understanding cities, media, and their futures. As such, it will be an essential resource for students and scholars of media and communication studies, urban communication, urban sociology, urban planning and design, architecture, visual cultures, urban geography, art history, politics, cultural studies, anthropology and cultural policy studies, as well as those working with governmental agencies, cultural foundations and institutes, and policy think tanks"--