Intro -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- About the Author -- Chapter 1 - Introduction -- Chapter 2 - Delivering the 'Dream of '94' for all South Africans -- Chapter 3 - Great expectations and unfulfilled aspirations: The 'Dream of '94' -- Chapter 4 - The electoral decline of the ANC in Nelson Mandela Bay -- Chapter 5 - Shifting political allegiances: Electoral dynamics in the Northern Areas -- Chapter 6 - The 'Bay of regret': Political decay, factional battles and stunted delivery -- Chapter 7 - Looking towards 2019: Lessons from Nelson Mandela Bay -- References.
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The Economic Freedom Index published by the Heritage Foundation ranks South Africa at 72nd out of 178 countries in terms of economic freedom in 2015. This index classifies South Africa as moderately free in terms of its level of economic freedom. While the country may be in the middle of the pack on the Economic Freedom Index, it is also often classified as one of the most unequal societies in the world. South Africa is often seen in the top five unequal countries globally with a high Gini-coefficient, and when using the Palma index (measuring the ratio of income share between the top 10 per cent and bottom 40 per cent), South Africa can also be classified as highly unequal. Therefore a contradiction seems to exist. While South Africa ranks as economicallymoderately free on one hand, the country is also regarded as one of the most unequal societies in the world, on the other hand. It is this contradiction that brings to the fore a contested ideological construction of economic freedom within its political narrative premised on a view that the promise of democracy had not delivered. This article presents a critical discourse analysis of the contested interpretations of economic freedom through the lens of securing liberation and the promise of democracy in South Africa: a promise built on the Freedom Charter's construction of a democratic South Africa.
Since the early 1990s, the world has been caught in democratic fever and Africa has not escaped the spread of liberal democracy. Yet, Africa remains in a state of perpetual democratic unconsolidation and faces many difficulties in achieving the coveted state of democratic consolidation. Democratic assessment of African political systems is at times very pessimistic about its democratic future, but fails to consider Africa's process of democratic development in constructing its interpretation of liberty and equality. The international construction of the meaning of liberty and equality and its relationship to democracy is closely tied to the discourse and debates that prevailed during the Cold War period, when many African states received their independence. Using a discourse analysis one can trace the philosophical and ideological construction of democratic liberty and equality for Africa. This article highlights the debate between liberty and equality that characterised the Cold War period, and its impact on the philosophical construction of democracy in Africa.
1. Introduction: The theory and practice of democratic development -- Part 1. Legacies of the past. 2. Apartheid and its legacies -- 3. Liberation history -- Part 2. Negotiating South Africa's transition: laying the foundations. 4. Apartheid to democracy -- 5. The birth of a constitutional state -- 6. Transitional justice -- Part 3. Procedural democratisation in South Africa. 7. Elections, political parties and voting trends in South Africa's dominant party system -- 8. Civil society and civic participation -- Part 4. Substantive democratisation in South Africa. 9. Socio-economic contexts -- 10. Economic policy in post-apartheid South Africa -- 11. Political culture in South Africa -- Part 5. South Africa in the world. 12. South Africa in a complex regional, continental and global order -- 13. South Africa's 20 years of democracy and beyond
