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John H. Herz is a significant, but comparatively neglected, figure in the development of International Relations (IR) as a discipline. Although he contributed to the emergence of realism as the dominant approach to international relations in the United States, his thought is characterised by an insight into the fragility of the international order and the state which stands in marked contrast to the emphasis upon durability and persistence evident in recent surveys of a self-avowed American realism.

This article considers the Westphalian model and its supposed origins in nineteenth-and early twentieth-century positivist thought. It shows how three German theorists, Georg Jellinek, Heinrich Triepel and Max Huber, subscribed to a weak version of the Westphalian model that allows for a multilateral international community based on law but not the strong version associated with absolute sovereignty and the exclusion of international community. It further shows how their ideas, especially their rejection of private property and contract law analogies, and their treatment of sovereignty, are of continuing relevance. It also serves as a correction to the all too frequent portrayal of German thought at this time in terms of hyper-nationalism and proto-Darwinian approaches to the international order.

Explores the writings by Carl Schmitt on the phenomenon of post-war occupation. Schmitt's views on war & international law concerning invasion & occupation are discussed with attention to their relevance to the US occupation of Iraq. The validity of Schmitt's perspective is assessed. L. Collins Leigh

Dans Le nomos de la terre, Carl Schmitt se penche sur la fin de l'époque du droit public européen et de l'État que ce droit a soutenu, qui ont reçu peu d'attention. L'exposé qu'il en fait illustre plus largement certaines considérations contenues dans la périodisation des relations internationales. Cet article établit la place négligeable qu'occupe la périodisation dans l'étude des relations internationales avant d'offrir une lecture critique de l'interprétation que donne Schmitt dans Le nomos de la terre. Il conclut en suggérant la façon dont l'interprétation boiteuse de Schmitt nous aide à comprendre la signification plus large du thème de la périodisation des époques historiques en relations internationales.