Suchergebnisse

Employing survey data, this study highlights the following characteristics of the Romanian Communist Party (RCP): with an estimated membership of 33 percent of Romania's employed population, the late RCP was proportionally the largest Leninist party in Eastern Europe. Consistent with the so-called "deproletarianization" thesis, the RCP manifested a marked preference toward recruiting well-educated individuals and professionals among its ranks. The RCP also tended to recruit from among disadvantaged classes (in particular, peasants and their offspring). Despite some prowomen "affirmative action" policies, women were underrepresented among Party members. Some ethnic minorities had fewer chances of joining the RCP than ethnic Romanians. As compared to other communist parties, the RCP had one of the highest rates of intergenerational political reproduction among its ranks. This article suggests that the amorphous character of the RCP and its closed elite could also explain why Party members did not bother to save their historically obsolete leader.

Employing survey data, this article highlights the following characteristics of the Romanian Communist Party (RCP): With an estimated membership of 33 percent of Romania's employed population, the late RCP was proportionally the largest Leninist party in Eastern Europe. Consistent with the socalled "deproletarianization" thesis, the RCP manifested a marked preference toward recruiting well-educated individuals and professionals among its ranks. The RCP also tended to recruit from among disadvantaged classes (in particular, peasants and their offspring). Despite some prowomen " affirmative action" policies, women were underrepresented among Party members. Some ethnic minorities had fewer chances of joining the RCP than ethnic Romanians. As compared to other communist parties, the RCP had one of the highest rates of intergenerational political reproduction among its ranks. This article suggests that the amorphous character of the RCP and its closed elite could also explain why Party members did not bother to save their historically obsolete leader.

This article tests four theses regarding the origins of Romanian post-socialist entrepreneurs: (1) "political capitalism," (2) "post-socialist managerialism," (3) "capitalism from below," and (4) "refuge from poverty." The results of the analyses show that the former cadres are at an advantage in being employers due to their organizational experience and network resources. Nevertheless, in line with arguments advanced by the second thesis mentioned above, education, as the most basic form of human capital, plays an important role in this story of entrepreneurship. Consistent with the predictions of the third thesis, the experience in the second economy under state socialism, as a form of cultural capital, represents an asset for being an employer and a small business operator in 2000. Private farming is an avenue taken by former socialist farmers and by some of those who have lost their jobs after 1990, especially the former peasant-workers of state socialism.

Sozioökonomische Situation der rumänischen Jugend. Freizeit und Lebenstil. Schule und Beruf. Anliegen und Bestrebungen. Werte. Religiosität. Demokratie und Politik, bürgerliche und politische Partizipation. Regierung und Entwicklung.

Demographie: Geschlecht; Alter; Staatsangehörigkeit (Ethnizität); Kinderzahl; Familienstand; höchster Bildungsabschluss des Befragten und seiner Eltern; derzeitiger Schulstatus; Klassenstufe des Gymnasiums; Jahr als Bachelor-Student an der Universität, Master-Student oder Promovent; aktuelle berufliche Stellung und Beruf des Vaters und der Mutter; Besitz von Fahrrad, Tablet, Internet-Anschluss zu Hause, Kabel-TV oder Satelliten-TV zu Hause, tragbarem Modem für Internet, Festnetz-Telefon und Mobiltelefon; Haushaltsgröße; Anzahl von Desktop-PCs und Laptops im Haushalt; Autobesitz und Anzahl der Autos; Eltern besitzen ein Auto und Anzahl der Autos; Anzahl der Räume; Anzahl der Bücher; aktuelle Wohnform; eigenes Zimmer; monatliche Ausgaben des Haushalts für Lebensmittel, Kleidung, Schule, Unterhaltung und Energieversorgung; Arbeitsverhältnis; Situation von Befragten, die eine Schulform besuchen und parallel arbeiten; Beruf; Art des Arbeitsvertrags; Vergütung von Überstunden oder zusätzliche freie Tage im Fall von Überstunden oder Arbeit am Wochenende; Nettoverdienst im letzten Monat; Schulform bzw. Profil der Schule (nur für Schüler); Hauptfach an der Universität; Selbsteinschätzung der Schichtzugehörigkeit und Einschätzung der Schichtzugehörigkeit der Eltern; Hauptfaktor für die jeweilige Einordnung; erwarteter wirtschaftlicher Status im Vergleich zum wirtschaftlichen Status der Eltern; erfolgreich in Rumänien oder in einem anderen Land in 10 Jahren; Angabe des Landes.

Zusätzlich verkodet wurde: Fragebogen-ID; städtische oder ländliches Wohnumfeld; Zuordnung große historische Regionen.

The subject matter of the volume is part of larger research agenda on the process of land collectivization in the former communist camp, focusing on state, identity and property. The main innovation of the volume is to apply recent interdisciplinary approaches to the study of the collectivization process, asking what types of new peasant-state relations it formed and how it transformed notions of self, persons, and things (such as land). The project conceived of changes in the system of ownership as causing changes in the identity and attitude of people; similarly, it regarded the study of personal identities as essential for understanding changes in the system of ownership. This perspective is rare in the area-studies approaches to the topic