Cookies and content moderation: affective chilling effects of internet surveillance and censorship
In: Journal of information technology & politics: JITP, Band 20, Heft 2, S. 113-124
ISSN: 1933-169X
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In: Journal of information technology & politics: JITP, Band 20, Heft 2, S. 113-124
ISSN: 1933-169X
In: The international journal of press, politics, Band 25, Heft 3, S. 390-406
ISSN: 1940-1620
Individuals' political internet use has been identified as a determinant of democratic attitudes. But awareness of online government surveillance and content restrictions may prohibit citizens from freely using the internet for democratic socialization. Using a comparative survey in the United States and Russia, this study explores how perceived internet freedom influences support for democracy by relatively constraining or expanding citizens' worldviews. Implications for global democratic backsliding are discussed.
In: Journalism & mass communication quarterly: JMCQ, Band 93, Heft 2, S. 296-311
ISSN: 2161-430X
Since Edward Snowden exposed the National Security Agency's use of controversial online surveillance programs in 2013, there has been widespread speculation about the potentially deleterious effects of online government monitoring. This study explores how perceptions and justification of surveillance practices may create a chilling effect on democratic discourse by stifling the expression of minority political views. Using a spiral of silence theoretical framework, knowing one is subject to surveillance and accepting such surveillance as necessary act as moderating agents in the relationship between one's perceived climate of opinion and willingness to voice opinions online. Theoretical and normative implications are discussed.
In: International journal of public opinion research, S. edw020
ISSN: 1471-6909
In: Political communication: an international journal, Band 31, Heft 4, S. 628-646
ISSN: 1091-7675
In: Communication research, Band 40, Heft 5, S. 720-741
ISSN: 1552-3810
Democracy and press freedom have a long, intertwined history. This article builds on previous research examining democratic consolidation by developing a theoretical model to explicate the multilevel relationships between the openness of national media systems and citizens' perceptions about press freedom in emerging democracies. We combine individual-level public opinion data from the 2007 Pew Global Attitudes Survey with institutional data from Freedom House to examine institutional and individual predictors of perceived supply and citizen demand for press freedom. The results of the analyses demonstrate a relationship between characteristics of national media systems and citizen perceptions and preferences about press freedom, although individual factors such as educational attainment, reliance on print media, evaluations of media and state performance, and regime support play a more meaningful role in shaping perceptions about press freedom. Theoretical implications for understanding citizen attitudes about press freedom and their relationship with democratization are discussed.
In: Communication research, Band 47, Heft 7, S. 1034-1055
ISSN: 1552-3810
This study seeks to contribute to the growing body of scholarship about the Internet's role in authoritarian and transitioning countries. Based on two original surveys of Russian and Ukrainian Internet users, online behaviors were classified as either primarily capital enhancing or recreational in terms of their democratic potential. Indirect and differential models of how these types of Internet use are associated with citizen demand for democracy were tested using serial mediation. Capital-enhancing use exhibited an indirect positive effect on demand for democratic governance by increasing critical appraisals of the incumbent regime, whereas recreational Internet was associated with satisfactory evaluations of non-democratic regimes and more entrenched authoritarian worldviews.
In: New media & society: an international and interdisciplinary forum for the examination of the social dynamics of media and information change, Band 21, Heft 3, S. 602-619
ISSN: 1461-7315
The Panopticon is a popular metaphor in discussions about mass surveillance. Drawing on deterrence theory and chilling effects, we provide two empirical tests of this analogy to examine whether perceptions of online government surveillance suppress or entirely eradicate an array of sensitive online activities. Study 1 indicates that surveillance significantly deters individuals' intentions to engage in illegal offenses, an effect that extends to political, but not privacy-protective behaviors. Study 2 retests the pervasiveness of this effect with a sample of Muslims who reside in the United States. Results indicate that restrictive chilling effects are not specific to any one online population, experimental stimuli, or political context. Implications for US political and social systems are discussed.
In: New media & society: an international and interdisciplinary forum for the examination of the social dynamics of media and information change, Band 19, Heft 6, S. 968-980
ISSN: 1461-7315
A recent review published by Rains and Brunner documented an overwhelming preponderance of the Facebook brand in scholarship about social networking sites (SNS). This follow-up analysis shows that Facebook is still over-privileged when examining the broader umbrella of social media brands; the social networking hegemon constitutes over half of all scholarship across an array of social media, including SNS, media sharing sites, (micro)blogging platforms, virtual communities, and others. This study builds upon Rains and Brunner's critiques about the over-reliance on the Facebook brand and calls for more scholarship that examines social media as part of larger media repertoires, is more inclusive of indigenous social media brands and their users, and provides greater diversity in terms of academic context. In doing, it serves as the most comprehensive review of social media scholarship to date. Implications for future research are discussed.