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AbstractThis article provides a broad overview of social, economic, and cultural politics in Latin America, especially concentrating on what became known as the Latin American literary "boom" in the 1960s and 1970s, and the region's political context - colonial past, neocolonial/neoliberal present, the role of intellectuals within the state and cultural affairs. The second part focuses on Roberto Bolaño - the writer who put Latin American literature on the world map which has not been seen since the boom years - and his novel The Savage Detectives. The aim of this article is to demonstrate that literature not only shares common elements and possible intentions with social and political critique, but that it can also be an effective form of social and political criticism. In such a case, Bolaño's work may be read not as inferior fictional account but as a complex, intersectional investigation of socioeconomic as well as ontological condition in Latin America that other modes of inquiry may overlook.

"Regioninės studijos" (ISSN 2029-2074) 2013 m. virto į "International journal of area studies" (eISSN 2345-0223) ; Šis straipsnis plačiai apžvelgia socialinę, ekonominę ir kultūrinę politiką Lotynų Amerikoje, skiriant daug dėmesio septintojo ir aštuntojo dešimtmečio literatūrinio "bumo" fenomenui, bei regiono politiniam kontekstui – kolonijinei praeičiai, neokolinijinei/ neoliberaliai dabarčiai, intelektualų rolei valdžios ir kultūros sferose. Antroji straipsnio dalis koncentruojasi ties Roberto Bolaño (ir jo romanu Pašėlę detektyvai), rašytoju, kuris paženklino Lotynų Ameriką pasauliniame literatūros žemėlapyje mastu, panašiu į sėkmingiausius bumo pavyzdžius. Šio straipsnio tikslas yra parodyti, kad literatūra ne tik gali sietis bendrais elementais ir galimais tikslais su socialine ir politine kritika, bet kad ir gali būti efektyvi sociopolitinės kritikos forma. Tokiu atveju, Bolaño darbai gali būti perskaityti ne tik kaip antrarūšė fi kcija, bet kaip ir daugiasluoksnis tyrimas apie socioekenominę bei ontologinę Lotynų Amerikos būklę, kurios kiti tyrimo būdai gali ir neužčiuopti ; This article provides a broad overview of social, economic, and cultural politics in Latin America, especially concentrating on what became known as the Latin American literary "boom" in the 1960s and 1970s, and the region's political context – colonial past, neocolonial/neoliberal present, the role of intellectuals within the state and cultural affairs. The second part focuses on Roberto Bolaño – the writer who put Latin American literature on the world map which has not been seen since the boom years – and his novel The Savage Detectives. The aim of this article is to demonstrate that literature not only shares common elements and possible intentions with social and political critique, but that it can also be an effective form of social and political criticism. In such a case, Bolaño's work may be read not as inferior fi ctional account but as a complex, intersectional investigation of socioeconomic as well as ontological condition in Latin America that other modes of inquiry may overlook ; Politikos mokslų ir diplomatijos fakult. ; Vytauto Didžiojo universitetas

The punk phenomenon has been both widely praised and criticized. For some, it has been the ultimate expression of youthful anger and rebellion, especially in the 1980s when the United States was once again returning to a white heteronormative value system and mass consumerism. For others, it is evidence of a postmodern condition where any rebellion is systematically appropriated and pacified through the consumer market. Punk subculture(s) have also been widely criticized both for their inability to live up to self-proclaimed ideals of egalitarianism and for their failure to break away from the social norms structuring larger society. In this paper, I take the rise of hardcore punk subcultures in the early 1980s and the diversification of punk, such as Riot Grrrl and Queercore, in the 1990s as a broad historical framework, while analyzing punk discourses throughout punk history in the US. In providing a broader overview of debates in various disciplines this paper aims to address some of the concerns over issues of the "holy family" of social sciences in the US, namely those of gender/sexuality, race, and class, while situating them within a historico-political context. It also discusses the theoretical considerations of subcultural and popular culture studies by analyzing primary and secondary materials within and about punk subcultures. It is common to assume that subculture, by its very nature, implies exclusivity: who is excluded and why may vary, but exclusions remain prevalent. However, in the neoliberal and identity politics era, these exclusions became more subtle even if more frequently addressed. [.]

The punk phenomenon has been both widely praised and criticized. For some, it has been the ultimate expression of youthful anger and rebellion, especially in the 1980s when the United States was once again returning to a white heteronormative value system and mass consumerism. For others, it is evidence of a postmodern condition where any rebellion is systematically appropriated and pacified through the consumer market. Punk subculture(s) have also been widely criticized both for their inability to live up to self-proclaimed ideals of egalitarianism and for their failure to break away from the social norms structuring larger society. In this paper, I take the rise of hardcore punk subcultures in the early 1980s and the diversification of punk, such as Riot Grrrl and Queercore, in the 1990s as a broad historical framework, while analyzing punk discourses throughout punk history in the US. In providing a broader overview of debates in various disciplines this paper aims to address some of the concerns over issues of the "holy family" of social sciences in the US, namely those of gender/sexuality, race, and class, while situating them within a historico-political context. It also discusses the theoretical considerations of subcultural and popular culture studies by analyzing primary and secondary materials within and about punk subcultures. It is common to assume that subculture, by its very nature, implies exclusivity: who is excluded and why may vary, but exclusions remain prevalent. However, in the neoliberal and identity politics era, these exclusions became more subtle even if more frequently addressed. [.]

The punk phenomenon has been both widely praised and criticized. For some, it has been the ultimate expression of youthful anger and rebellion, especially in the 1980s when the United States was once again returning to a white heteronormative value system and mass consumerism. For others, it is evidence of a postmodern condition where any rebellion is systematically appropriated and pacified through the consumer market. Punk subculture(s) have also been widely criticized both for their inability to live up to self-proclaimed ideals of egalitarianism and for their failure to break away from the social norms structuring larger society. In this paper, I take the rise of hardcore punk subcultures in the early 1980s and the diversification of punk, such as Riot Grrrl and Queercore, in the 1990s as a broad historical framework, while analyzing punk discourses throughout punk history in the US. In providing a broader overview of debates in various disciplines this paper aims to address some of the concerns over issues of the "holy family" of social sciences in the US, namely those of gender/sexuality, race, and class, while situating them within a historico-political context. It also discusses the theoretical considerations of subcultural and popular culture studies by analyzing primary and secondary materials within and about punk subcultures. It is common to assume that subculture, by its very nature, implies exclusivity: who is excluded and why may vary, but exclusions remain prevalent. However, in the neoliberal and identity politics era, these exclusions became more subtle even if more frequently addressed. [.]

This article contains four book reviews. The reviewed books are: Squatting in Europe: Radical Spaces, Urban Struggles (2013), by Squatting Europe Kollektive; Securitization of Property Squatting in Europe (2013), by Mary Manjikian; Barcelonan Okupas: Squatter Power!, by Stephen Luis Vilaseca; and, The Squatters' Movement in Europe. Commons and Autonomy as Alternatives to Capitalism (2014), by Squatting Europe Kollektive, edited by Claudio Cattaneo and Miguel Martìnez Lòpez.

This article contains four book reviews. The reviewed books are: Squatting in Europe: Radical Spaces, Urban Struggles (2013), by Squatting Europe Kollektive; Securitization of Property Squatting in Europe (2013), by Mary Manjikian; Barcelonan Okupas: Squatter Power!, by Stephen Luis Vilaseca; and, The Squatters' Movement in Europe. Commons and Autonomy as Alternatives to Capitalism (2014), by Squatting Europe Kollektive, edited by Claudio Cattaneo and Miguel Martìnez Lòpez ; Politikos mokslų ir diplomatijos fakult. ; Vytauto Didžiojo universitetas

ABSTRACT
This article contains three book reviews. The reviewed books are: The Politics of Encounter: Urban Theory and Protest under Planetary Urbanization (2013) by Andy Merrifield; Elections to the European Parliament as a Challenge for Democracy, European Integration and Democracy Series Vol. 2 (2013), Eds. Elżbieta Kużelewska and Dariusz Kloza; and, Transformations in Central Europe between 1989 and 2012: Geopolitical, Cultural, and Socioeconomic Shifts (2012) by Tomas Kavaliauskas.