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FrontMatter -- Reviewers -- Contents -- Tables, Figures, and Boxes -- Abbreviations -- Executive Summary -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Context and Content of the CDC Quarantine Station Expansion Plan -- 3 Today's CDC Quarantine Stations at U.S. Ports of Entry -- 4 Bridge from Present to Future: Vision and Recommendations -- APPENDIXES -- A Human Resources at U.S. Ports of Entry to Protect the Public's Health: Interim Letter Report -- B Agendas of Open Sessions of Committee Meetings -- C Methodology Used by the Division of Global Migration and Quarantine to Select Sites for New Quarantine Stations -- D Commissioned Paper on U.S. Seaports and the CDC Quarantine Station System -- E Microbial Threats of Public Health Significance Originating in Animals or Animal Products at U.S. Ports of Entry -- F International Legal Considerations for the Quarantine Station Expansion -- G Excerpts from a Standard Memorandum of Agreement Between CDC and Local Hospitals -- H Committee Biographies.

"Tobacco use by adolescents and young adults poses serious concerns. Nearly all adults who have ever smoked daily first tried a cigarette before 26 years of age. Current cigarette use among adults is highest among persons aged 21 to 25 years. The parts of the brain most responsible for cognitive and psychosocial maturity continue to develop and change through young adulthood, and adolescent brains are uniquely vulnerable to the effects of nicotine. At the request of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Public Health Implications of Raising the Minimum Age of Legal Access to Tobacco Products considers the likely public health impact of raising the minimum age for purchasing tobacco products. The report reviews the existing literature on tobacco use patterns, developmental biology and psychology, health effects of tobacco use, and the current landscape regarding youth access laws, including minimum age laws and their enforcement. Based on this literature, the report makes conclusions about the likely effect of raising the minimum age to 19, 21, and 25 years on tobacco use initiation. The report also quantifies the accompanying public health outcomes based on findings from two tobacco use simulation models. According to the report, raising the minimum age of legal access to tobacco products, particularly to ages 21 and 25, will lead to substantial reductions in tobacco use, improve the health of Americans across the lifespan, and save lives. Public Health Implications of Raising the Minimum Age of Legal Access to Tobacco Products will be a valuable reference for federal policy makers and state and local health departments and legislators."--

"Recent health care payment reforms aim to improve the alignment of Medicare payment strategies with goals to improve the quality of care provided, patient experiences with health care, and health outcomes, while also controlling costs. These efforts move Medicare away from the volume-based payment of traditional fee-for-service models and toward value-based purchasing, in which cost control is an explicit goal in addition to clinical and quality goals. Specific payment strategies include pay-for-performance and other quality incentive programs that tie financial rewards and sanctions to the quality and efficiency of care provided and accountable care organizations in which health care providers are held accountable for both the quality and cost of the care they deliver. Accounting For Social Risk Factors in Medicare Payment is the fifth and final report in a series of brief reports that aim to inform ASPE analyses that account for social risk factors in Medicare payment programs mandated through the IMPACT Act. This report aims to put the entire series in context and offers additional thoughts about how to best consider the various methods for accounting for social risk factors, as well as next steps"--

Intro -- Reviewers -- Preface -- Contents -- Summary -- Introduction -- 1 Epidemiology of Tobacco Use: History and Current Trends -- 2 Factors Perpetuating the Tobacco Problem -- 3 Containing the Tobacco Problem -- 4 Reducing Tobacco Use: A Policy Framework -- 5 Strengthening Traditional Tobacco Control Measures -- 6 Changing the Regulatory Landscape -- 7 New Frontiers of Tobacco Control -- Appendix A COMPREHENSIVE SMOKING CESSATION POLICY FOR ALL SMOKERS: SYSTEMS INTEGRATION TO SAVE LIVES AND MONEY -- Appendix B Clean Air Laws -- Appendix C Warning Labels and Packaging -- Appendix D The Long-Term Promise of Effective School- Based Smoking Prevention Programs -- Appendix E Adolescents' and Young Adults' Perceptions of Tobacco Use: A Review and Critique of the Current Literature -- Appendix F Interventions for Children and Youth in the Health Care Setting -- Appendix G Reducing and Preventing Tobacco Use Among Pregnant Women, Parents, and Families -- Appendix H Smoking in the Movies: Its Impact on Youth and Youth Smoking -- Appendix I State Statutes Governing Direct Shipment of Alcoholic Beverages to Consumers: Precedents for Regulating Tobacco Retail Shipments -- Appendix J The Role of Public Policies in Reducing Smoking Prevalence: Results from the SimSmoke Tobacco Policy Simulation Model -- Appendix K Commissioned Simulation Modeling of Smoking Prevalence as an Outcome of Selected Tobacco Control Measures -- Appendix L Controlling the Retail Sales Environment: Access, Advertising, and Promotional Activities -- Appendix M Sales and Marketing of Cigarettes on the Internet: Emerging Threats to Tobacco Control and Promising Policy Solutions -- Appendix N Media Campaigns and Tobacco Control -- Appendix O Advocacy as a Tobacco Control Strategy.

"Tobacco use by adolescents and young adults poses serious concerns. Nearly all adults who have ever smoked daily first tried a cigarette before 26 years of age. Current cigarette use among adults is highest among persons aged 21 to 25 years. The parts of the brain most responsible for cognitive and psychosocial maturity continue to develop and change through young adulthood, and adolescent brains are uniquely vulnerable to the effects of nicotine. At the request of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Public Health Implications of Raising the Minimum Age of Legal Access to Tobacco Products considers the likely public health impact of raising the minimum age for purchasing tobacco products. The report reviews the existing literature on tobacco use patterns, developmental biology and psychology, health effects of tobacco use, and the current landscape regarding youth access laws, including minimum age laws and their enforcement. Based on this literature, the report makes conclusions about the likely effect of raising the minimum age to 19, 21, and 25 years on tobacco use initiation. The report also quantifies the accompanying public health outcomes based on findings from two tobacco use simulation models. According to the report, raising the minimum age of legal access to tobacco products, particularly to ages 21 and 25, will lead to substantial reductions in tobacco use, improve the health of Americans across the lifespan, and save lives. Public Health Implications of Raising the Minimum Age of Legal Access to Tobacco Products will be a valuable reference for federal policy makers and state and local health departments and legislators"--Publisher's description

A particularly valuable opportunity to improve public health arises when an urban area is being redesigned and rebuilt following some type of serious disruption, whether it is caused by a sudden physical event, such as a hurricane or earthquake, or steady economic and social decline that may have occurred over decades. On November 10, 2014, the Institute of Medicine's Roundtable on Environmental Health Sciences, Research, and Medicine held a workshop concerning the ways in which the urban environment, conceived broadly from factors such as air quality and walkability to factors such as access to fresh foods and social support systems, can affect health. Participants explored the various opportunities to reimagine the built environment in a city and to increase the role of health promotion and protection during the process of urban revitalization. Bringing Public Health into Urban Revitalization summarizes the presentations and discussions from this workshop

Intro -- Front Matter -- Summary -- Summary Annex Report Conclusions by Level of Evidence -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Committee Approach -- 3 E-Cigarette Devices, Uses, and Exposures -- 4 Nicotine -- 5 Toxicology of E-Cigarette Constituents -- 6 Research Needs: E-Cigarette Devices, Constituents, and Exposures -- 7 Modes of Action -- 8 Dependence and Abuse Liability -- 9 Cardiovascular Disease -- 10 Cancers -- 11 Respiratory Diseases -- 12 Oral Diseases -- 13 Developmental and Reproductive Effects -- 14 Injuries and Poisonings -- 15 Research Needs: Effects of E-Cigarettes on Health -- 16 Combustible Tobacco Cigarette Smoking Among Youth and Young Adults -- 17 Smoking Cessation Among Adults -- 18 Harm Reduction -- 19 Modeling of E-Cigarette Use -- 20 Research Needs: Public Health Implications of E-Cigarettes -- 21 Concluding Observations -- Appendix A Questions from the Center for Tobacco Products of the Food and Drug Administration Submitted for the Committee's Consideration -- Appendix B Search Strategy and Quality Assessment -- Appendix C Glossary of Terms Related to E-Cigarettes -- Appendix D Cytotoxicity Tables -- Appendix E Public Meeting Agenda -- Appendix F Committee Biosketches

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