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The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Self‐Policing Policy (more commonly referred to as the Audit Policy) waives or reduces penalties when regulated entities voluntarily discover, disclose, and correct environmental violations. This study draws upon a rational choice model of corporate crime to determine if traditional regulatory efforts such as inspections and enforcement actions are associated with the odds of disclosing an environmental violation under the Audit Policy. A case control design is used to compare companies that self‐police to companies that do not self‐police. The event group consists of all 551 companies that disclosed at least one environmental violation under the Audit Policy between October 1, 1998 and September 30, 2000. The control group consists of a simple random sample of 551 companies that did not use the Audit Policy but were discovered to have violated at least one environmental law during the same time period as the event group. There is no evidence that inspections and enforcement increase Audit Policy use. However, the results do suggest, first, that the Audit Policy is more likely to be used by large companies than by small companies and, second, that it is likely to be used for reporting violations as opposed to more serious emissions or permit violations. In terms of public policy these findings suggest that regulatory agencies such as the EPA can do relatively little to increase the self‐policing of environmental violations.

This research compares food insecurity for U.K. veterans and nonveterans using the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) 10-item Adult Food Security Survey Module (AFSSM) for a sample of 1,492 participants. We find 1 in 10 veterans are living in a food-insecure household but that veteran status is not related to food insecurity. In addition, income and housing benefits are correlated with food insecurity for veterans and for nonveterans, but disability benefits are correlated with food insecurity among veterans only. Specifically, veterans with disability benefits averaged 1.12 (95% confidence interval, [0.42, 1.82]) more points (indicating more food insecurity) on the AFFSM than veterans without those benefits. These findings raise concerns that low-income disabled veterans with housing needs are a unique population at risk of living in food insecurity. Given the absence of research on food insecurity among U.K. veterans, it is necessity to study this population in greater detail and implement screening protocols where possible.

Despite attending to social and economic justice issues, criminologists have said little about environmental justice, especially among underrepresented populations such as Native Americans. This review examines the social, economic, and environmental injustices Native Americans face by drawing on health and medical literature. Adapted from the source document.

"This is the first book focusing on the phenomenon often referred to as "holiday hunger" in the United Kingdom. The book begins by outlining the history and scope of holiday hunger - the condition that occurs when a child's household is, or will become, food insecure during the summer holidays. The decline of the UK welfare state and the rise of neoliberalism has created a situation where up to three million children in the UK face food insecurity during the summer months when there are extra financial pressures on the working poor and when free school meals are not available. This book details the level of childhood and household food insecurity in the UK and describes one of the main responses to holiday hunger - holiday clubs. These clubs are locally organized and funded and provide a place for children to go to eat nutritious meals for free during the school holidays. Highlighting the benefits of holiday clubs that often extend beyond food provision, this book also discusses the challenges that they face now and in the future. The book concludes with recommendations for food insecurity policy and the role of government in fighting holiday hunger. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of food and nutrition security, social policy and public health"--

Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- List of Tables -- 1: Introduction: Green Theories of Justice and Political Economy -- The Chapters That Follow -- Nature "Versus" Humans or a Nature-Human Dialectic? -- Toward Conceptualizing Eco-justice -- References -- 2: Connecting Ecological Decline and Eco-justice -- Indicators of Ecological Decline -- Planetary Boundaries -- The Planetary Boundaries, Measures and Effects -- Carbon Dioxide Concentration and Radiative Forcing -- Ocean Acidification -- Stratospheric Ozone Depletion -- Biogeochemical Availability -- Biodiversity Loss -- Global Freshwater Use -- Land Use Change -- Atmospheric Aerosol Loading -- Pollutants -- Summing Up Rockstrom et al. -- The Human Ecological Footprint -- References -- 3: Eco-justice and an Orientation toward the Ecosystem -- Naming the Concept of Green Justice -- The Concept of Eco-justice -- Eco-justice, Planetary Boundaries and the Human Ecological Footprint -- Capitalism and the Production of Eco-injustice -- References -- 4: Human Social & -- Ecological Justice in the Global World Capitalist System and the Treadmill of Production -- HSEJ and Eco-justice -- The Capitalist World System, the Treadmill of Production and HSEJ -- World System Theory and HSEJ -- The Treadmill of Production and HSEJ -- Connecting the Capitalist World System, the Treadmill of Production and HSEJ -- Acknowledging Ecologically Unequal Exchange Effects -- The Relevance of Ecological Footprints and Consumption Patterns in the Global Capitalist World System -- Ecologically Unequal Exchange Includes Pollution and Waste -- Acknowledging Natural Capital Impacts -- Capitalism, Native People and HSEJ Issues -- Conclusion -- References -- 5: Unsustainable Economic Development and Nonhuman Ecological Justice -- The Political Economic Analysis of Nonhuman Ecological Justice -- Nonhuman Eco-injustice (NHEJ).

This groundbreaking text provides students with an overview and assessment of green criminology as well as a call to action. Green Criminology draws attention to the ways in which the political-economic organization of capitalism causes ecological destruction and disorganization. Focusing on real-world issues of green crime and environmental justice, chapters examine ecological withdrawals, ecological additions, toxic towns, wildlife poaching and trafficking, environmental laws, and nongovernmental environmental organizations. The book also presents an unintimidating introduction to research from the physical sciences on issues such as climate change, pollution levels, and the ecological footprint of humans, providing a truly interdisciplinary foundation for green criminological analysis. To help students succeed in the course—and to encourage them to see themselves as future green criminology researchers—the end-of-chapter study guides include: • Questions and Activities for Students that review topics students should be able to conceptualize and address.• Lessons for Researchers that suggest additional areas of research in the study of green crime