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1 Introduction -- 2 Basic gates -- 3 Gating circuits -- 4 Latches and flip-flops -- 5 Registers and counters -- 6 Memories -- 7 The analogue connection -- Appendix 1 Boolean algebra -- A1.1 Rules -- A1.2 Algebraic minimization -- A1.3 Minimization in product-of-sums form -- Appendix 2 Logic families -- A2.1 TTL circuits -- A2.2 Open-collector output -- A2.3 Tri-state output -- A2.4 Schmitt trigger inputs -- A2.5 Schottky TTL -- A2.6 Emitter-coupled logic (ECL) -- A2.7 MOS logic -- A2.8 Conversion between TTL and CMOS -- A2.9 A CMOS oscillator circuit -- Appendix 3 Designing and testing -- A3.1 Designs and diagrams -- A3.2 Prototyping methods -- A3.3 Testing -- Answers to problems -- Further reading.

During the 2020/2021 academic year, I conducted a mixed quantitative and qualitative analysis of the drivers of student engagement in the School of Politics and International Relations at Queen Mary University of London. My main finding was that students vary widely in their ability to manage the competing demands on their time. Those who are able to avoid scheduling conflicts between taught classes and off-campus commitments engage at higher rates and achieve better marks. Those who struggle – whether due to under-developed time management skills, a lack of confidence in asking for assistance, or both – miss out on vital learning opportunities, and their attainment suffers. While there is little a department can do about the broader socio-economic forces that require students to take on significant responsibilities beyond the classroom, my findings suggest there are things we can do to improve engagement among those who struggle. I conclude by recommending actions to help students resolve clashing commitments, to build their confidence in and ability to seek support from staff, and to develop positive peer networks.

A systematic review of all types of assistive devices indicated the need for more research related to performance measurements and the effectiveness of vision rehabilitation devices.

Purpose.To determine the effect of two jumping programs on hip bone mineral density (BMD) in women.Design.Randomized controlled trial.Setting.Approximately 20 cities in the Mountain West.Subjects.Sixty premenopausal women, aged 25 to 50 years, completed the intervention.Intervention.Subjects were randomly assigned to a control group or one of two jumping groups. The Jump 10 group performed 10 jumps with 30 seconds rest between jumps, twice daily for 16 weeks, while the Jump 20 group performed the same protocol but with 20 jumps.Measures.Hip BMD was measured by using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.Analysis.Analysis of variance and covariance.Results.At 8 weeks, unadjusted percentage change in hip BMD was significantly different among groups (F = 5.4, p = .0236). Specifically, compared with controls, the Jump 20 women had significantly greater gains in hip BMD and the Jump 10 women had marginally greater improvements. Following 16 weeks of jumping, differences between the Jump 10 and the Jump 20 groups compared with controls were significant (F = 4.2, p = .0444), especially after adjusting for the covariates (F = 7.3, p = .0092).Conclusion.After 16 weeks of high-impact jump training, hip BMD can be improved in premenopausal women by jumping 10 or 20 times, twice daily, with 30 seconds of rest between each jump, compared with controls.

This systematic review of the effectiveness of driver rehabilitation interventions found that driver training programs enhance driving skills and awareness, but further research is needed to determine their effectiveness in improving driving performance of drivers with low vision. More research is also needed to determine the effectiveness of low vision devices for driving.

The authors conducted a systematic review to examine whether vision-related assessments can predict the driving performance of individuals who have low vision. The results indicate that measures of visual field, contrast sensitivity, cognitive and attention-based tests, and driver screening tools have variable utility for predicting real-world driving performance.

Closed-circuit televisions (CCTVs) are used by many elderly people who have age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The functional vision of 68 participants, which was measured immediately after they adopted CCTVs, suggested successful outcomes, but the psychosocial impact of the use of CCTVs did not peak until a month later. The findings help identify circumstances in which CCTV-assisted rehabilitation may be enhanced for better long-term outcomes.

This article presents a systematic review of the research evidence on the effects of the characteristics of typefaces on the legibility of text for adult readers with low vision. The review revealed that research has not produced consistent findings and thus that there is a need to develop standards and guidelines that are informed by evidence.

Using a standardized assessment instrument, the authors compared 182 adults with congenital deaf-blindness and those with acquired deaf-blindness. They found that those with congenital deaf-blindness were more likely to have impairments in cognition, activities of daily living, and social interactions and were less likely to use speech for communication.

The internal consistency and validity of the interRAI Community Health Assessment and Deafblind Supplement were tested with 182 persons with deaf-blindness. All subscales demonstrated good to excellent internal consistency, and expected associations provided evidence of convergent validity. This instrument can facilitate standardized service planning for persons with deaf-blindness.