Suchergebnisse

The diverse cultures of the Caribbean have been shaped as much by hurricanes as they have by diplomacy, commerce, or the legacy of colonial rule. In this panoramic work of social history, Stuart Schwartz examines how Caribbean societies have responded to the dangers of hurricanes, and how these destructive storms have influenced the region's history, from the rise of plantations, to slavery and its abolition, to migrations, racial conflict, and war. Taking readers from the voyages of Columbus to the devastation of Hurricane Katrina, Schwartz looks at the ethical, political, and economic challenges that hurricanes posed to the Caribbean's indigenous populations and the different European peoples who ventured to the New World to exploit its riches. He describes how the United States provided the model for responding to environmental threats when it emerged as a major power and began to exert its influence over the Caribbean in the nineteenth century, and how the region's governments came to assume greater responsibilities for prevention and relief, efforts that by the end of the twentieth century were being questioned by free-market neoliberals. Schwartz sheds light on catastrophes like Katrina by framing them within a long and contentious history of human interaction with the natural world. Spanning more than five centuries and drawing on extensive archival research in Europe and the Americas, Sea of Storms emphasizes the continuing role of race, social inequality, and economic ideology in the shaping of our responses to natural disaster. Some images inside the book are unavailable due to digital copyright restrictions.

"Tropical Babylons' explores the early development of the sugar industry across the Atlantic world, using case studies from Iberia, Brazil, islands of the Caribbean & of the Atlantic itself to illustrate the differences in technology, plantation management & the social consequences of the 'sugar revolution

This, the twelfth book in the series International Straits of the World, addresses the legal status of the Strait in the light of the 1982 U.N. Law of the Sea Convention. The Convention not only prescribes limits to the territorial sea, an exclusive economic zone and a continental shelf for coastal states, but also addresses rules for the transit of straits for international navigation.

Durante os séculos XVI e XVII, o clima, as possibilidades agrícolas e a história faziam do Brasil um modelo, uma alternativa e um concorrente para algumas sociedades caribenhas. A relação entre o Brasil e o Caribe se transformou com o tempo, mas houve também continuidades, circulação de informações e interações que vincularam suas histórias. Neste ensaio, minhas observações vão se concentrar no Brasil como extensão do Grande Caribe, no papel dos portugueses no Caribe e em sua história compartilhada e entrelaçada de açúcar e escravidão.

While various empires sought by religious tolerance to integrate dispe-rate peoples under a single ruler, the Spanish and Portuguese empires were based on a policy of religious unity and thus intolerance. This article examines the policy of religious intolerance in those empires in the context of theology and the missionary impulse, but also in relation to the commercial and political needs of the State. It argues that orthodoxy reinforced commercial exclusivity and was thought to assure loyalty, but that from the origins of these empires voices of dissent were raised arguing for freedom of conscience. This was especially true in the Caribbean where local interests in contraband undercut policies of religious exclusivity. By the late Eighteenth Century, in the atmosphere of political change, religion was increasingly seen as a security matter by the forces of traditional society. "Inquisition" and "toleration" came to represent two competing concepts of society in a political and cultural struggle that continued through the Nineteenth Century. URI:http://hdl.handle.net/11721/1512 ; Mientras varios imperios recurrieron a la tolerancia religiosa como un medio de integración de poblaciones heterogéneas que estaban sometidas a un gobernante absoluto, el imperio español y el portugués utilizaron la política de unidad e intolerancia religiosa. Este artículo examina la política de la intolerancia religiosa en el contexto de la teología y el impulso misionero, pero también en lo referente a las necesidades comerciales y políticas del Estado. Propone que la ortodoxia intensificó la exclusividad comercial como mecanismo de afianzar la lealtad de sus colonias, pero al mismo tiempo que esto ocurría, surgieron voces disidentes que reclamaban la libertad de conciencia, particularmente en el Caribe donde los intereses locales vinculados al contrabando socavaban la exclusividad religiosa. Hacia fines del siglo XVIII, cuando ocurrieron importantes cambios políticos, la religión fue vista cada vez más como un elemento de seguridad por parte de los sectores tradicionales. "Inquisición" y "tolerancia" representaron dos conceptos contradictorios en una sociedad involucrada en luchas políticas y culturales que continuaron a lo largo del siglo XIX. URI:http://hdl.handle.net/11721/1512