Suchergebnisse

Formulation of the problem. A fairy tale as a folk-narrative or literary work about fictional events, fictional persons, events with the participation of fantastic persons [9, p. 71], reveals in its text the peculiarities of mentality and folk thinking in the field of economic activity of the people in general and representatives of this people in particular. The Ukrainian fairy tale builds a special philosophical attitude to labor on earth. The study of a folk tale provides an opportunity to understand the peculiarities of the economic mentality of a single nation. The subject of research there is a folk tale as an oral work that reflects the mentality of the nation, in particular the economic component of the mentality itself. The purpose of this study is a consideration of a folk tale, which in its text reveals aspects of the economic mentality of the people, as well as the formation of a person's economic outlook from early childhood. In addition, to find out the peculiarities of the national formation of the economic outlook of the individual. The methodological basis research is a comparative, historical, analytical, comparative and statistical method. Research results. consider the issue of the formation of the economic mentality of the representatives of the nation. In particular, we are talking about the Ukrainian nation. In particular, attention was paid to the attitude of Ukrainians to the land as a resource for production and labor on the land. Field of application. The results of the article can be used in higher education institutions, research institutions, students, graduate students, teachers. Conclusions. A consideration of a folk tale, in particular a Ukrainian one, reveals the specificity of the attitude of the people in general and the individual in particular to work, to natural resources used in the economic process. It is also obvious that Ukrainian fairy tales are dominated by the cult of the land and labor on the land, that this resource is the main source of wealth. Ukrainians appears in these texts as a farming nation. At the same time, in the moral and ethical aspect, work is revealed as a human virtue, and idleness is condemned. In principle, a folk tale makes it clear how the economic worldview of an individual and a nation is formed.

Formulation of the problem. At the present historical stage, the issue of European continental security is becoming especially relevant against the background of Russian aggression. This is obvious and hardly questionable. Ukraine has always played the role of a defender of Western civilization in European history. Apart from Ukraine, Poland and Lithuania have performed and continue to perform the same function. Speaking in the language of historical analogies and comparisons, it is impossible in this aspect not to mention such a large and powerful state formation as the Commonwealth. Ironically, this state also emerged against the background of Muscovy's expansion in the east. The need for common security in Central Europe has always been and remains relevant. Lithuania, Poland and Ukraine are at the forefront of Europe's sustainable development. Today it is the forefront of the entire civilized world. Therefore, the formation of the Lublin Triangle between Kyiv, Warsaw and Vilnius is a historical, political, economic, humanitarian necessity. In fact, the Lublin Triangle is a tripartite regional alliance for political, economic, cultural and social cooperation between Lithuania, Poland and Ukraine, aimed at strengthening dialogue between countries, supporting Ukraine's integration into the European Union and NATO and jointly countering Russian aggression in Ukraine. The idea of such a union belonged to Vyacheslav Chornovil and Adam Czartoryski. The economic component of this association is extremely important, as it is the basis for the formation of a system of sustainable development of the region. European aggression is contrasted with European balance and economic stability. Analysis of recent research and publications. The theme of the Lublin Triangle and the importance of this organization in the modern development of Europe is becoming increasingly important. However, this issue is still more in the political and journalistic sphere of consideration. Economic research on this topic has not yet been developed. Although some attempts are being made. Rather, the scientific issues themselves are determined, which in the future will have different areas of research. The purpose of this study is to analyze the state and prospects of the unification of Poland, Lithuania and Ukraine as a stabilizing economic factor in the security system of Europe within the framework of the Lublin Triangle. Results of the research. The analysis of this issue proves that the unification of the three states - Poland, Lithuania and Ukraine, within the Lublin Triangle has serious prospects and can act as a powerful formation in the economic security of Europe, especially in the context of Russian military expansion. Conclusions. The Lublin Triangle, as an intergovernmental union, is primarily designed to counter Russian aggression and pressure on the European Union. The role of Ukraine, Lithuania and Poland for many centuries has been to protect the European continent from Russia's imperial advance on Europe and to slow down the development of European countries. At the present time, this problem has become very acute and significant. The countries of the Lublin Triangle have a strong economic potential, are of serious trade and communication interest in the North-South, West-East directions, and are a kind of outpost in defense of Western civilization. The Lublin Triangle political union is quite capable of economically protecting Europe from the negative impact of Russia's expansion on the EU.

Formulation of the problem. In modern conditions, in particular after the beginning of full-scale Russian aggression against Ukraine on February 24, 2022, it poses a number of serious problems to the world in various dimensions. The economic space of world civilization is one of them. First of all, this is due to the fact that in conditions of war, especially full-scale, important factors in victory are not only the quantitative military advantage of one of the warring parties, but also economic advantages based on modern production technologies. At the same time, there are questions of consolidation of the world community on the side of the country that fell victim to the aggressor country. In this particular case, we are talking about Ukraine, which was attacked by the Russian Federation. It is the consolidation of European Union member states, NATO member states, as well as individual countries such as the United States, Great Britain, Canada, Poland, Germany, Japan, Australia and other countries that strengthens Ukraine's unequal struggle with Russia. In addition, the role of international organizations such as the UN, the EU, the World Trade Organization and others cannot be underestimated. Combining the efforts of individual states, international organizations, and international economic systems that oppose the aggressive policy of the Russian Federation, undermines the efforts of the aggressor country in the sphere of world domination. The economic sanctions imposed by the world's leading countries and international organizations at the very beginning of Russia's full-scale aggression against Ukraine put the economy of the aggressor country, in particular its financial system, on the brink of disaster. Practically today there is a reorientation and reorganization of the world economic civilization system and the creation of a new paradigm of economic security. This is the largest transformation since the Second World War, as the security mechanisms in general and economic security in particular, enshrined in the UN Charter, the 1975 Helsinki Accords do not provide any guarantees today. Even the Budapest Memorandum, which guaranteed Ukraine's security and territorial integrity, did not work and was violated by the Russian Federation, which signed the document. Analysis of recent research and publications. At the moment, there are no fundamental and generalizing works on this subject, as the topic itself is quite new and requires a comprehensive study in the future. At the same time, there are a large number of assessments of the current situation and prospects for the development of the world's civilized economic global space. The purpose of this study is to determine the possible prospects for the transformation of the world's civilized economic space and the new place of Ukraine in this system. Results of the research. The article attempts to consider the prospects of global reorientation of the world economic space in the context of modern large-scale changes against the background of the Russian-Ukrainian war. Conclusions. As a result of the full-scale aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine, it posed a number of serious risks to the world community in the economic, political, military, environmental and other spheres. The world had to react to the disturbance of world balance and balance caused by Russia's aggressive policy. As a result, a number of decisive steps have been taken by the world community in the field of reorientation of the global economic space.

Formulation of the problem. In modern conditions of high-tech economic development, the question of training directly for production arises. This issue, in particular, is addressed by the vocational school, which assumes the main functions in the training system. The big role in it belongs to the teacher who is engaged in formation of the personality of the manufacturer not only as a production unit, but also as a factor of formation of competitiveness, actually, the future worker, and himself personally as the expert in the market of education. Analysis of recent research and publications. The issue of using the skills of a teacher in the system of production activities has always been the focus of researchers in the field of education. Recently, much attention has been paid to this, as Soft Skills of the modern teacher give him the appropriate advantages in the educational market. In particular, it is worth paying attention to the research carried out by V.V. Sidorenko, H.-D. Kubler, I.S. Kalenyuk, V.G. Muromets, L.L. Familyarskaya and others. The purpose of this study is to trace and elucidate the relationship of Soft Skills teacher of a vocational school with its competitiveness in the education market and to train competitive future professionals in the labor market. Materials and methods. The implementation of this study is based on the following principles: conceptuality, which allows to obtain integrated results; debatability, which allows the admission of different views on this issue; historicity, which makes it possible to determine the views of scientists and practitioners on this issue in different historical periods. Research results.The article attempts to consider the question of how in modern conditions of development of the educational market the role and importance of the teacher as the main product force in the system of training of the future specialist is grown. Pedagogical vocational school in market conditions creates a special product - an educational service, which is implemented by the educational institution in conditions of serious competition. In addition to his purely professional competencies, the teacher must have a number of skills and abilities. They are often characterized by the broad term Soft Skills - "soft skills" and "flexible skills". Soft Skills allow you to be successful regardless of the specifics of the activity and the direction in which the person works, in particular the teacher of the vocational school. As a rule, they are referred to as so-called social skills: the ability to persuade, approach people, lead, interpersonal communication, negotiation, teamwork, personal development, time management, erudition, creativity and other qualities. The paradox in this case is that the above skills are difficult to call those that lie outside the professional competencies of the teacher. However, it is these qualities that give the teacher become his competitive advantages in the educational market. In addition, such advantages of individual teachers create advantages for the educational institution, which receives advantages in the market. The educational institution should be interested in its production (teaching) staff to be the most professionally trained (Hard Skills) and endowed with qualities beyond the professional qualities that become a factor of competitiveness in the educational market (Soft Skills). In this combination, the effect of synergy is achieved both at the personal level and at the level of the educational institution. Conclusions. Soft Skills teacher of a vocational school gives him the opportunity to gain benefits in the educational process and in the educational market, provided their skillful use. Also, Soft Skills educator play a major role in organizing the learning process of future professionals, influencing their formation as members of society. Teachers who have the appropriate qualities in the total result affect the creation of an appropriate image of the institution and its competitiveness in the education market.

The study of the experience of the European Union in solving the problems of the weak development of agriculture as a sensitive sector and the polarization of the socio-economic living conditions of residents in rural areas has an applied value for the implementation of this experience in Ukraine, which determines the relevance and novelty of this research. The object of the research is the tools of the state innovation policy for the development of agricultural production and rural areas of the EU. The subject of this study is the experience of the European Union in supporting the development of agriculture, as a sensitive industry, and increased support for the development of certain depressed regions of the EU in order to reduce their socio-economic depolarization. The purpose of this work is to justify the need to strengthen state policy and its tools for the innovative development of agricultural production and rural areas on the example of the settlement of relevant issues in the European Union. The practical significance of the results lies in the possibility of practical application of the recommendations regarding the definition of instruments of the state innovation policy for the development of agricultural production and rural areas in Ukraine. To achieve the goal, the following were used: а systematic analysis of the evolution of solving the issue of the common agricultural policy of the European Union, which contributed to the formation of recommendations for the definition of innovative tools of state policy for the development of agricultural production and rural areas in Ukraine; management approach - to strengthen the control function of state management in the implementation of state programs related to the support of agriculture as a sensitive industry and the development of rural areas. Conclusions. The development of sensitive industries in each country has not only economic, but also social and political significance, since it is about preserving jobs, consumer opportunities of the population, generating GDP and deducting taxes to the local and state budget, reducing the depolarization of economic growth between individual regions and strata population, and, therefore, socio-political peace in the state. The multifacetedness of this issue affects the decisions of the governments of countries and international integration groups, in particular the EU, whose experience is very useful for research and further implementation in Ukraine. The starting point for the effectiveness of the Program for the Sustainable Development of the Agricultural Industry in Ukraine is a comprehensive approach to solving the problems of increasing the competitiveness of Ukrainian agricultural production and leveling significant disparities in the socio-economic development of rural areas. These tasks are two sides of the same problem, due to the neglect of which it is possible not only to lose a large number of small and medium-sized Ukrainian villages, but also to face the fact of food insecurity, which threatens the national security of Ukraine. Special attention in the process of implementation of the Program for the Sustainable Development of the Agricultural Industry in Ukraine is needed by the control function, which must be carried out permanently and qualitatively.

Formulation of the problem. The modern Russian-Ukrainian war, which began back in 2014 with the occupation of Crimea and parts of the Donetsk and Luhansk regions, as well as its subsequent continuation and deployment of a full-scale invasion of the territory of Ukraine by the Russian army, which led to serious destruction of the cities and villages of our country, set a number of serious issues not only in the context of the functioning of the country's economy, but also in the context of its post-war recovery. The issue of economic recovery of Ukraine is now being actively considered and studied both by our state and by partner countries. Reforming the monetary system of Ukraine in this context takes on special importance. The subject of research is the monetary system of Ukraine in historical dynamics. The purpose of this study is to determine possible prospects for reforming the modern monetary system of Ukraine in the post-war period. Also determination of prospects for integration of the monetary system of Ukraine into the monetary system of the EU. The methodological basis of the research is historical, analytical, comparative and statistical methods. Research results. In the article, an attempt is made to consider the issue of the perspective of the reform of the monetary system of Ukraine in the post-war period and to determine the orientations of its development in the future. Field of application. The results of the article can be used by universities, public and political organizations, students, graduate students, teachers; state administration bodies. Conclusions. As a result of the full-scale aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine, a number of serious problems arose in the field of finance. In particular, this concerns the monetary system of Ukraine. First of all, we are talking about stabilization of the national currency and control of inflationary processes. In the post-war period, the question of bringing the money and commodity mass into line, as well as the exchange rate of the national currency, the hryvnia, with other currencies of the world, will arise acutely.

Formulation of the problem. Most of Ukraine is located on the so-called Ukrainian Shield, which is a geological block rise of the crystalline basement of the Eastern European platform, stretching within our country along the middle reaches of the Dnieper in a strip over 1000 km long and about 250 km wide from the Gorin River to the Sea of Azov. This geological massif consists almost entirely of metamorphic and igneous rocks, the bulk of which are deeply processed by ultrametamorphic processes, including granitization and selective anathexis, which caused the formation of local crustal magmas. In many places granites come to the surface. From the geological point of view, granite is an intrusive rock of acidic composition with a granular (even-grained or uneven-grained) structure. The exceptional strength of this stone material allows it to be used in various areas of the economy, including construction. In this area, granite is widely used in the construction of roads, houses, concrete, bridges and more. Due to the widespread use of stone in the manufacturing sector, there is a need for its extraction. Quarry mining of granite is carried out in Zhytomyr, Kyiv, Kirovohrad, Zaporizhia and other regions. At the same time, the extraction of granite by quarrying, as well as its further processing into marketable products, including crushed stone, has a negative impact on the environment. On the one hand, there is the problem of producing the necessary construction products to meet the needs of industry and domestic life of the country's inhabitants, and on the other - there is the issue of environmental protection. Analysis of recent research and publications. This issue is directly or indirectly considered in studies that in one way or another relate to environmental problems of the Zhytomyr region in general, as well as the impact of the mining industry in particular are considered and studies N. G. Zinovchuk, G. Ya. Studinskaya, V. A. Studinsky, V. K. Danilka, V. I. Karpova and others. It is worth noting that the problem of the impact of granite mining in the quarry method is considered by many researchers in conjunction with the consequences of the Chernobyl disaster. The purpose of this study is the identification of economic and environmental problems associated with the organization of granite mining in a quarry way, as well as the combination of this problem with other factors of negative impact on the environment. Materials and methods. The implementation of this study is based on the following principles: conceptuality, which allows to obtain integrated results; analytical, which allows for a comprehensive study of the issue and identify its individual components; debatability, which allows the admission of different views on this issue. Results of the research. The article attempts to consider the negative impact on the environment of granite mining and its processing into marketable products. The authors also tried to consider this problem comprehensively in combination with other negative environmental impacts. This touches on the improvement of technical and technological processes that reduce the negative impact on the environment. Conclusions. Quarrying of granite is undoubtedly a negative impact on the natural state, in particular on the quality of air, water and land resources. This negative impact is exacerbated by the fact that the Zhytomyr region was most negatively affected by the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident. However, the application of modern technologies in the system of quarry granite mining can significantly reduce the negative impact, in particular of crushed stone plants, on the environment of Zhytomyr region.

Formulation of the problem. Modern conditions of accelerated intellectual, scientific, industrial development, which takes place in the conditions of deep economic integration and globalization of social relations. Even in the context of the global Covid-19 pandemic, such processes have not slowed down, but have shifted to other forms in the system of digitalization of integration-global speakers. In such conditions, new questions, challenges and challenges arise before the system of professional training in all spheres of human life. Vocational school of Ukraine also receives appropriate signals in the process of its operation. The main figure in the training of skilled workers in all sectors of the economy is a teacher of a vocational school. It sharpens all the strategic objectives of the vocational school, which he must implement in the actual practice of training. In this process, organizational and economic components are important. Analysis of recent research and publications. This issue is directly or indirectly considered in studies that in one way or another relate to the development of vocational education in individual educational institutions, countries, within certain dimensions of civilization, continental and global. In covering the relevant issues, we can pay attention to the work of both domestic and foreign researchers. In particular, this applies to the works of K. Gnezdylova, N. Makhyna, V. Sydorenko, G. Studinska, O. Shevchuk, T. Shchypska and others. The purpose of this study is to determine the economic and organizational foundations of the vocational school teacher and improve the system of pedagogical work in the vocational school in terms of modern reforms of the national educational system. Materials and methods. The implementation of this study is based on the following principles: conceptuality, which allows to obtain integrated results; analytical, which allows for a comprehensive study of the issue and identify its individual components; debatability, which allows the admission of different views on this issue. Results of the research. The article attempts to consider the basic issues of organizational and economic nature in the system of teachers of vocational (vocational) education in Ukraine. The teacher in this system is considered as a key figure in the system of educational and professional services in the field of training workers. An important aspect in this is the process of organizing the activities of a teacher in a vocational school. In particular, it concerns such aspects as working conditions, workload distribution, organization of scientific, exploratory, creative extracurricular work with students and more. At the same time, the economic component is of key importance here: material and technical support of the educational institution, and the corresponding working conditions of the teaching staff in general and each teacher in particular; system of remuneration of the teacher and material and moral encouragement of his work. The main principles of such an organizational and economic mechanism can be a clear definition of strategic objectives of professional (vocational) education of the country, a separate educational institution, which determine the professional activity of the teacher. In this regard, the economic (financial) basis for the implementation of the relevant educational and professional strategy is determined. The main executive figure in such conditions is the teacher. Conclusions. The activity of a teacher in the system of professional (vocational) education of Ukraine is determined by the strategic directions of the general national policy in the field of training for the domestic economy, as well as the identified priorities of a particular educational institution. The importance of the organizational and economic system is that it ensures the actual functioning of educational strategic areas in the training of professionals and stimulates the work of the direct executor - a teacher of professional (vocational) education.

The article an attempt was made to trace the historical path of cooperation between Ukraine and the International Monetary Fund from the early 1990s, when Ukraine gained independence, to the present. The purpose of the International Monetary Fund's activity has been defined in Article I of the Fund's Statute and is to promote: international monetary cooperation; expansion and balanced growth of international trade;exchange rate stability, maintenance of proper exchange between participants; the creation of a multilateral system of payments for current transactions between members and the elimination of currency restrictions that impede the growth of world trade; reduction of terms and degree of imbalance of participants' balance of payments. The main task of Ukraine's cooperation with the International Monetary Fund is financial support and development of the economy as a whole, as well as its restructuring from a planned administrative type to a market one. In addition, Ukraine has been experiencing a difficult period since 2014 in the context of military conflict with the Russian Federation, as well as the loss of part of its territories that played an appropriate economic role in the country's life. The International Monetary Fund has become a major donor in such a difficult environment.The International Monetary Fund is a unique organization in the world in the number and diversity of member countries, while maintaining the status of a lender of last resort in the event of financial crises.The International Monetary Fund provides foreign currency loans to Member States for two purposes: to cover the balance of payments deficit (actually to replenish official foreign exchange reserves) and to support macroeconomic stabilization and structural adjustment of the economy (lending to government budget expenditures). As a result of the study, the authors concluded that Ukraine's cooperation with the IMF had several historical stages, characterized by its specificity and peculiarities. Also, cooperation between Ukraine and the International Monetary Fund has both positive and negative points. At the same time, without such cooperation, it is difficult, and often impossible, for Ukraine to maintain its balance of payments, forcing the country to continue working together with this reputable world institution.

The article reveals the problem issues of development of transport communication links in the system of European integration policy of Ukraine. In today's conditions of integration development, the role of transport is constantly growing not only as a means of transportation but also as a necessary condition for the development of social, in particular, economic, relations. Ukraine is in the system of transport networks connecting Western, Central Europe with the Eastern part of it, and also historically important in the conjunctions of the Baltic Sea and the Black Sea basin. Therefore, considering Ukraine in the system of European integration policy, it becomes clear that one of the important directions of development is the transport sphere itself. It is worth agreeing with the opinion of domestic experts that the sphere of transport itself plays a significant role in the economy of the country, mediating the process of exchange of goods both on the domestic and foreign markets. Modern trends in the development of vehicles, transport technologies, transport management provide an opportunity to significantly expand the geography of transportation, increase the volume of transport services and innovate approach to the development of own transport infrastructure. Innovative technologies in the field of transport contribute to radical changes not only in the views of trends in the development of advanced technologies, but also the real creation of new vehicles, or the embodiment of the ancient dreams of humanity to move on land for long distances at high speeds. One of these trends is Hyperloop - a draft of a kind of vacuum traction that was proposed by American engineers at the beginning of the 21st century. The project has already gained its commitment in many countries around the world: the USA, China, India, OAU, France, Germany, South Korea, Ukraine and other countries. On the one hand, such a project seems utopian, and on the other - its implementation will encourage new approaches in the transport system and the links between different regions and cities of the European continent in particular. It will also contribute to further deepening integration ties in Europe and the world by means of transport.

The purpose of the article is to identify the main advantages and risks for domestic agricultural producers in the process of integration into European space and to assess their impact on the development of the domestic agricultural sector. The proposed article analyzes the prospects and risks of integration of domestic agricultural enterprises into world economy. Special attention is focused on the export and import of agricultural products and the achievement of Ukraine in the field of agro-industrial complex. An estimation of foreign economic activity of agrarian enterprises of Ukraine is conducted. The implications of the implementation of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the EU for various sectors of the economy of Ukraine, and most especially for the agrarian sector, are assessed and analyzed. The potential benefits of signing the Comprehensive Free Trade Area Agreement for the development of the agrarian sector have been explored. Perspectives are considered and risks of European integration for agrarian enterprises and development of rural territories are analyzed. It is established that European integration for Ukraine is a way to modernize the domestic agricultural production, attract foreign investments and new technologies, increase the competitiveness of products, obtain financial resources for the development of the economy. Conclusions. Thus, the Ukrainian agro-industrial complex has a serious economic potential which allows it to be in a positive dynamics and has good prospects of integration into the European space. At the same time, this process should fit into the overall context of reforms and sectoral changes in Ukraine's economy. Alongside with it, the state plays an important role in the regulatory processes of managing the economy in general and the agrarian sector in particular.

The article attempts to consider the labor emigration of Ukrainians through the work of Ivan Franko in the historical and economic aspect. The writer 's views and position on the problems of labor emigration of Ukrainians in the second half of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries are discussed, as well as parallels with modern emigration processes are conducted. Attention is drawn to the description of the methods, means and mechanisms that were used to emigrate Ukrainians, which were covered in the scientific and literary work of Ivan Franko. It also explains the up-front factors that have prompted Ukrainians to emigrate, in particular labor, and attempts to analyze the positive and negative effects of Ukrainian emigration processes in different historical periods through the prism of Ivan Franko work. Also, the relationship between land ownership and Ukrainian emigration abroad is traced. It is emphasized that many questions raised by Ivan Franko have not lost their relevance in the present historical period. Ivan Franko in a number of his publications makes an attempt to understand the reasons for the emigration of the complex - economic, political, domestic, and environmental. In particular, he is one of the first not only among Ukrainian but also European researchers to draw attention to the deterioration of the ecological component and its direct impact on the emigration processes of the population. Also, the ideological and propaganda aspect in the influences on the emigration of Ukrainians. Particularly visible in the works of Ivan Franko, the inability of state and municipal government to quickly influence the process of emigration. The article gives a brief description of the research of this problem in the works of Ivan Franko by Ukrainian scholars. The urgency of this problem has gained a new sound today, as Ukraine received free access to the world labor market, and also found itself at the epicenter of a geopolitical conflict between civilizational warfare, which, in turn, influenced the qualitative and quantitative indicators of emigration.