Lithuanian men had the lowest life expectancy among EU countries in 2015. However, since the year 2007 the country is facing the highest positive change in men's life expectancy over the past 50 years. It is necessary to reveal what causes of deaths in different socio-demographic groups had a major impact on certain life expectancy changes. In this paper we analyse the aggregated mortality data from the Eurostat and Lithuanian Statistics databases. The analysis of the causes of death was implemented by using the de-compositional analysis method. The results show that the increase in life expectancy is determined by mortality decline due to the external causes of death and cardiovascular diseases. The record-high increase in men's life expectancy in 2007–2015 conceals controversial changes in mortality at different stages of this period.
SummaryThe mortality pattern of the post-soviet population shows a notable life expectancy differentiation by sex, marital status, education, place of residence, and other socio-demographic variables. This publication presents results of a study of mortality patterns among working-age men in Lithuania. The study is based on the Cockerham health lifestyle theory. The main purpose of the study is to evaluate men's mortality fluctuation since the year 1959. The Lithuanian mortality rates were compared with the mortality rates in other European countries. This study is based on data from the Human Mortality Database and the European Mortality Database. The results of the study confirm that for men the probability to die in the working age in Lithuania is more than twice as high as in France. The Lithuanian working-age men's population has a very high rate of mortality from external causes and alcohol-related deaths. This research is funded by the European Social Fund under the Global Grant measure (project No. VP1-3.1-ŠMM-07-K-02-067).Key words: causes of death, mortality differentials, men's premature mortality
Sociological and criminological theories illuminated to the role of the mass media in deviance amplification process in the middle of 20th century. British criminologist Stanley Cohen was among the first to draw attention how the mass media is manipulating public fear of illicit drugs users. Another British criminologist Jock Young has developed a theoretical model which theoretically explains the connection between the public reaction to deviance and deviance amplification. He called this explanation the deviance amplification spiral model. J. Young argued that the mass media creates public fear of illicit drugs which exerts pressure upon legislator, police and courts to take action against illicit drugs use. This study is based on S. Cohen's moral panic and J. Young's deviance amplification theories. It is grounded in the analysis of data collected in four sociological investigations: (1) Vilnius University students attitudes survey; (2) qualitative content analysis of the readers' comments in the news portal delfi.lt; (3) qualitative and quantitative content analysis of the Lithuanian Parliament's plenary meeting stenographs and (4) expert interviews. The main thesis: the drugs fear is one of the factors of psychoactive substances criminalization in present-day Lithuania. Vilnius University students attitudes survey results show that the most of the respondents are convinced that illicit drugs problem is very widespread in present-day Lithuania, and the most effective way of solving this problem are tough measures against drug users, dealers and traffickers. Qualitative content analysis of the comments by readers of news portal delfi.lt readers highlighted two symptoms of the moral panic: illicit drugs users were conceived as 'folk devils' and villains; the illicit drugs problem was presented as that of irresistibly spreading disease. According to findings of qualitative and quantitative content analysis of the Lithuanian Parliament's plenary meeting stenographs the parliamentary discussion was dominated by the 'control and punishment' rhetoric on drugs in the year 2007–2008. Expert interviews disclose new aspects of deviance amplification and confirm the impact of the fear of illicit drugs on the psychoactive substances criminalization in present-day Lithuania.
Sociological and criminological theories illuminated to the role of the mass media in deviance amplification process in the middle of 20th century. British criminologist Stanley Cohen was among the first to draw attention how the mass media is manipulating public fear of illicit drugs users. Another British criminologist Jock Young has developed a theoretical model which theoretically explains the connection between the public reaction to deviance and deviance amplification. He called this explanation the deviance amplification spiral model. J. Young argued that the mass media creates public fear of illicit drugs which exerts pressure upon legislator, police and courts to take action against illicit drugs use. This study is based on S. Cohen's moral panic and J. Young's deviance amplification theories. It is grounded in the analysis of data collected in four sociological investigations: (1) Vilnius University students attitudes survey; (2) qualitative content analysis of the readers' comments in the news portal delfi.lt; (3) qualitative and quantitative content analysis of the Lithuanian Parliament's plenary meeting stenographs and (4) expert interviews. The main thesis: the drugs fear is one of the factors of psychoactive substances criminalization in present-day Lithuania. Vilnius University students attitudes survey results show that the most of the respondents are convinced that illicit drugs problem is very widespread in present-day Lithuania, and the most effective way of solving this problem are tough measures against drug users, dealers and traffickers. Qualitative content analysis of the comments by readers of news portal delfi.lt readers highlighted two symptoms of the moral panic: illicit drugs users were conceived as 'folk devils' and villains; the illicit drugs problem was presented as that of irresistibly spreading disease. According to findings of qualitative and quantitative content analysis of the Lithuanian Parliament's plenary meeting stenographs the parliamentary discussion was dominated by the 'control and punishment' rhetoric on drugs in the year 2007–2008. Expert interviews disclose new aspects of deviance amplification and confirm the impact of the fear of illicit drugs on the psychoactive substances criminalization in present-day Lithuania.
The article identifies the main types of the rhetoric of drugs in Lithuanian Parliament in 2007-2008. It also reviews a scholarly literature and official documents on drugs policies. The review demonstrates that social scienticts and the United Nations Office policies. Drugs distinguish three main trends in drug policy: control policy, prevention policy and policy mix (control and prevention policy). To analyze the rhetoric of drugs. B. D. Holian's classification of crime rhetoric is used. After conducting a quantitative and qualitative content analysis of the transcripts of the Lithuanian Parliament, two types of the rhetoric of drugs were identified: control and punishment rhetoric and prevention and treatment rhetoric. The main topics of the control and piishment rhetoric were related to drug control, punishment for drug possession and war on drugs. The main topics of the prevention and treatment rhetoric included drug education and prevention programs, and treatment for the dependency on illicit drugs. The analyzed data demonstrated that the control and punishment rhetoric was dominant. The word "drugs" was found in 227 context units (the lenght of context unit was 120 words). The control and pinishment rhetoric was found in 218 context units, prevention and treatment rhetoric, in 166 context units.
The article identifies the main types of the rhetoric of drugs in Lithuanian Parliament in 2007-2008. It also reviews a scholarly literature and official documents on drugs policies. The review demonstrates that social scienticts and the United Nations Office policies. Drugs distinguish three main trends in drug policy: control policy, prevention policy and policy mix (control and prevention policy). To analyze the rhetoric of drugs. B. D. Holian's classification of crime rhetoric is used. After conducting a quantitative and qualitative content analysis of the transcripts of the Lithuanian Parliament, two types of the rhetoric of drugs were identified: control and punishment rhetoric and prevention and treatment rhetoric. The main topics of the control and piishment rhetoric were related to drug control, punishment for drug possession and war on drugs. The main topics of the prevention and treatment rhetoric included drug education and prevention programs, and treatment for the dependency on illicit drugs. The analyzed data demonstrated that the control and punishment rhetoric was dominant. The word "drugs" was found in 227 context units (the lenght of context unit was 120 words). The control and pinishment rhetoric was found in 218 context units, prevention and treatment rhetoric, in 166 context units.
The article identifies the main types of the rhetoric of drugs in Lithuanian Parliament in 2007-2008. It also reviews a scholarly literature and official documents on drugs policies. The review demonstrates that social scienticts and the United Nations Office policies. Drugs distinguish three main trends in drug policy: control policy, prevention policy and policy mix (control and prevention policy). To analyze the rhetoric of drugs. B. D. Holian's classification of crime rhetoric is used. After conducting a quantitative and qualitative content analysis of the transcripts of the Lithuanian Parliament, two types of the rhetoric of drugs were identified: control and punishment rhetoric and prevention and treatment rhetoric. The main topics of the control and piishment rhetoric were related to drug control, punishment for drug possession and war on drugs. The main topics of the prevention and treatment rhetoric included drug education and prevention programs, and treatment for the dependency on illicit drugs. The analyzed data demonstrated that the control and punishment rhetoric was dominant. The word "drugs" was found in 227 context units (the lenght of context unit was 120 words). The control and pinishment rhetoric was found in 218 context units, prevention and treatment rhetoric, in 166 context units.
The article identifies the main types of the rhetoric of drugs in Lithuanian Parliament in 2007-2008. It also reviews a scholarly literature and official documents on drugs policies. The review demonstrates that social scienticts and the United Nations Office policies. Drugs distinguish three main trends in drug policy: control policy, prevention policy and policy mix (control and prevention policy). To analyze the rhetoric of drugs. B. D. Holian's classification of crime rhetoric is used. After conducting a quantitative and qualitative content analysis of the transcripts of the Lithuanian Parliament, two types of the rhetoric of drugs were identified: control and punishment rhetoric and prevention and treatment rhetoric. The main topics of the control and piishment rhetoric were related to drug control, punishment for drug possession and war on drugs. The main topics of the prevention and treatment rhetoric included drug education and prevention programs, and treatment for the dependency on illicit drugs. The analyzed data demonstrated that the control and punishment rhetoric was dominant. The word "drugs" was found in 227 context units (the lenght of context unit was 120 words). The control and pinishment rhetoric was found in 218 context units, prevention and treatment rhetoric, in 166 context units.
The article identifies the main types of the rhetoric of drugs in Lithuanian Parliament in 2007-2008. It also reviews a scholarly literature and official documents on drugs policies. The review demonstrates that social scienticts and the United Nations Office policies. Drugs distinguish three main trends in drug policy: control policy, prevention policy and policy mix (control and prevention policy). To analyze the rhetoric of drugs. B. D. Holian's classification of crime rhetoric is used. After conducting a quantitative and qualitative content analysis of the transcripts of the Lithuanian Parliament, two types of the rhetoric of drugs were identified: control and punishment rhetoric and prevention and treatment rhetoric. The main topics of the control and piishment rhetoric were related to drug control, punishment for drug possession and war on drugs. The main topics of the prevention and treatment rhetoric included drug education and prevention programs, and treatment for the dependency on illicit drugs. The analyzed data demonstrated that the control and punishment rhetoric was dominant. The word "drugs" was found in 227 context units (the lenght of context unit was 120 words). The control and pinishment rhetoric was found in 218 context units, prevention and treatment rhetoric, in 166 context units.
The article identifies the main types of the rhetoric of drugs in Lithuanian Parliament in 2007-2008. It also reviews a scholarly literature and official documents on drugs policies. The review demonstrates that social scienticts and the United Nations Office policies. Drugs distinguish three main trends in drug policy: control policy, prevention policy and policy mix (control and prevention policy). To analyze the rhetoric of drugs. B. D. Holian's classification of crime rhetoric is used. After conducting a quantitative and qualitative content analysis of the transcripts of the Lithuanian Parliament, two types of the rhetoric of drugs were identified: control and punishment rhetoric and prevention and treatment rhetoric. The main topics of the control and piishment rhetoric were related to drug control, punishment for drug possession and war on drugs. The main topics of the prevention and treatment rhetoric included drug education and prevention programs, and treatment for the dependency on illicit drugs. The analyzed data demonstrated that the control and punishment rhetoric was dominant. The word "drugs" was found in 227 context units (the lenght of context unit was 120 words). The control and pinishment rhetoric was found in 218 context units, prevention and treatment rhetoric, in 166 context units.
In many countries of the world, including Lithuania, suicide rates for men are several times higher than for women. Therefore, the phenomenon of men's suicide is receiving a lot of attention in public, scientific, and political discourses. In contrast, much less attention is paid to tackling women's suicides and women's mental health problems. Lithuania has been among the countries with the highest suicide rates for both men and women in the world for several decades, but research on the social and demographic aspects of women's suicide in Lithuania is lacking. This paper aims to examine the demographic losses that Lithuania suffers from women suicides and assess the socio-demographic differentiation of these losses. The empirical part of the study was based on the calculation of years of life lost methodology. The years of life lost method is acknowledged as an accurate measure for assessing the impact of specific causes of death on premature mortality. Data sources for this study were the World Health Organization, Institute of Hygiene, and Human Mortality Database. The results of our study show that the number of years of lives lost due to women's suicide decreased statistically significantly from 376 [321; 431] in 2007 to 287 [238; 335] in 2020. In Lithuania, the total number of women suicide was the highest among the 80+ year age group, however, the number of years of life lost due to suicide was the highest among the 30-39 year age group. The change in women's suicide rates was inconsistent and for women, the decline in demographic loss due to suicide was twice as slow as for men. Nevertheless, the number of years of lives lost due to women's suicide was about 5 times smaller than that of men in 2020. In Lithuania, high rates of women's suicide reflect the poor state of women's mental health, which poses challenges to the country's mental health policy and sustainable demographic development.
In many countries of the world, including Lithuania, suicide rates for men are several times higher than for women. Therefore, the phenomenon of men's suicide is receiving a lot of attention in public, scientific, and political discourses. In contrast, much less attention is paid to tackling women's suicides and women's mental health problems. Lithuania has been among the countries with the highest suicide rates for both men and women in the world for several decades, but research on the social and demographic aspects of women's suicide in Lithuania is lacking. This paper aims to examine the demographic losses that Lithuania suffers from women suicides and assess the socio-demographic differentiation of these losses. The empirical part of the study was based on the calculation of years of life lost methodology. The years of life lost method is acknowledged as an accurate measure for assessing the impact of specific causes of death on premature mortality. Data sources for this study were the World Health Organization, Institute of Hygiene, and Human Mortality Database. The results of our study show that the number of years of lives lost due to women's suicide decreased statistically significantly from 376 [321; 431] in 2007 to 287 [238; 335] in 2020. In Lithuania, the total number of women suicide was the highest among the 80+ year age group, however, the number of years of life lost due to suicide was the highest among the 30-39 year age group. The change in women's suicide rates was inconsistent and for women, the decline in demographic loss due to suicide was twice as slow as for men. Nevertheless, the number of years of lives lost due to women's suicide was about 5 times smaller than that of men in 2020. In Lithuania, high rates of women's suicide reflect the poor state of women's mental health, which poses challenges to the country's mental health policy and sustainable demographic development. ; ietuva jau kelis dešimtmečius patenka tarp šalių, kurių savižudybių rodikliai yra didžiausi pasaulyje, tačiau ...
[straipsnis, santrauka, reikšminiai žodžiai lietuvių kalba; santrauka ir reikšminiai žodžiai anglų kalba]
Anksčiau atliktų tyrimų rezultatai rodo, kad kochlearinė (klausos) implantacija kartu su nuosekliai įgyvendinama klausos lavinimo programa gali užtikrinti sėkmingą kurčių vaikų socialinę integraciją. Kochlearinė implantacija Lietuvoje atliekama nuo 1998 metų. Iki 2017 metų pabaigos šalyje implantuoti 377 asmenys, dauguma iš jų – vaikai. Daugelis šios srities tyrimų yra skirta klinikiniams ar technologiniams kochlearinės implantacijos aspektams nagrinėti, tačiau trūksta darbų, kuriuose būtų nagrinėjami sveikatos politikos ir socialinės integracijos klausimai. Straipsnyje apžvelgiama dabartinė kochlearinės implantacijos sistema, implantacijų paplitimas ir paciento kelias. Tyrime derinami teisės aktų bei kitų dokumentų analizės ir aprašomosios statistikos metodai. Straipsnio autorių žiniomis, tai pirmas tyrimas, skirtas kochlearinės implantacijos sistemos apžvalgai Lietuvoje.
