The definition of sexual harassment is mostly based on its legal regulation and is stated to be one of the forms of discrimination based on sex. However, such designation does not reveal social, psychological, economic, etc. sides of this phenomenon. Therefore, this article pays a lot of attention to the analysis of the phenomenon of sexual harassment, based on the insights of Lithuanian and foreign scientists, examines its forms, causes, consequences, and provides statistical information. As there are no scientific insights into the representation of sexual harassment in the media in Lithuania, research insights from foreign researchers are presented. This article presents an exploratory study of the representation of sexual harassment on the news portal delfi.lt, conducted during the analysis of 2017- 2018 publications. The aim of the article is to analyze the peculiarities of the representation of sexual harassment on the delfi.lt news portal. The research found that the topic of sexual harassment appears on the news portal only in the context of certain events, in this case the #metoo movement; there is a lack of analytical publications that would cover a broader context than the statement of facts; the experience of potential victims is presented as an individual problem.
Science communication is important as it is a mean to inform the society about the problems discussed in science; it's also necessary for scientists to learn about the way society understands their work and what are society's expectations regarding it. The dissemination of scientific knowledge is also important for making informed decisions.Gender studies are a field of an interdisciplinary study devoted to issues of social injustice on levels both local and the global. It is a kind of science of civic engagement, which aims, among other things, to help to create a just social policy for both women and men.The aim of this article is to compare the various aspects of formal scientific communication in the science journal Gender Studies and Research, social science journals Sociologija. Mintis ir veiksmas, Filosofija. Sociologija, Socialiniai tyrimai, Socialinis darbas, Socialinių mokslų studijos, Tiltai and Acta paedagogica Vilnensia with formal science communication in the periodicals.This study includes the following dimensions of comparative analysis: topics of the publications, institutional affiliation of the authors of the articles, the leaders of science communication.An analysis of the topics of the articles in science journals and periodicals indicates the following most popular topics of research: NGO movements, gender roles and images in mass media and literature; gender and career; family issues. The only overlapping topic in the science journals and periodicals is education and science.The research of the publications of the journals and periodicals identified higher education and research institutions in Lithuania that conduct gender studies and disseminate their results. The main institutions that were most numerously represented in the journals and periodic were Vilnius University, Šiauliai University and Mykolas Romeris University. The most active researchers that published the most articles on gender studies in the journals were V. Šidlauskienėand A. Žvinklienė, and most active researchers in periodicals – M. A. Pavilionienė, O. Voverienė, G. Purvaneckienė, D. Šatkovskienė, V. Jurėnienė. It is obvious that the names of the scientists are different.It is worth noting that the effective dissemination of knowledge generated in gender studies is relevant not only for other researchers and the professional community, but that it could also be very valuable in the processes of law and decision-making as well as being used in initiatives for social, economic and political change.
Science and research are an integral part of the contemporary society – the participation of society in the development of science and technology and cooperation between science and business are an important factor in social changes. The wellbeing of contemporary society depends to a large extent on the continuous development of scientific knowledge, accumulation of technical and practical experience, a spirit of knowledge creation and entrepreneurship. Therefore, an effective science communication is important in order to ensure the generation of new knowledge and the application of research results in practice.The diffusion of knowledge and research results is implemented by means of science communication. Science communication ensures that society is informed about scientific innovations and therefore is an important tool for bringing together science and business, for encouraging innovations, and for informed decision-making.The aim of the article is to analyse the formal scientific communication in social sciences journals Sociologija. Mintis ir veiksmas, Filosofija. Sociologija, Socialiniai tyrimai, Socialinis darbas, Socialinių mokslų studijos, Tiltai, Acta paedagogica Vilnensia and to compare with previously carried out research of the journal Gender Studies and Research.Gender studies are a field of an interdisciplinary study devoted to issues of social injustice on the local and the global levels. It is a kind of science of civic engagement, which aims, among other things, to help to create a just social policy for both women and men.The aim of the present study is to analyse formal science communication in seven academic journals of social sciences. The study included the following dimensions of analysis: institutional affiliation of the authors of the articles, the language of the publications, topics of the publications, the gender of the authors; the leaders of scientific communication in this journal (the authors that have published the biggest number of articles) were identified, too.The study included 201 issues (all issues from 2004 to 2014) that contained 2614 articles published in the seven journals.The analysis revealed that the articles in the seven journals were published by researchers from 22 academic institutions of Lithuania and from abroad. This indicates the interdisciplinarity and international scope of the journals.The biggest proportion of the authors (19%) were from M. Romeris University, 14% from the Vilnius University, 13% from the Klaipėda University and Social Research Institute, 12% from the Vytautas Magnus University. Researchers not only from universities but also from research centres and institutes (Lithuanian Social Research Centre) take part in the formal science communication in these journals.Analysis also revealed that 15.5% of the articles were written in English (31% in the journal Gender studies and research). It should be noted that the participation of researchers from foreign academic institutions in the journal lacks consistency and continuity.Another dimension of the analysis was the distribution of the authors by gender: 16% of authors were male and 84% female. These data confirm the fact that female researchers are more involved into academic gender studies.The comparative analysis of the journals as an intermediary of formal science communication revealed several important aspects of scientific communication in these journals.The study has revealed that the most popular topics in the journals are similar. Analysis of the topics of the articles enables to identify most relevant areas of contemporary gender studies and research.The study of the publications of the journals identified the higher education and research institutions in Lithuania that conduct gender studies and disseminate their results.However, in respect of the internationalisation of the journals, the conclusion was made that publications in English and articles of authors from foreign academic institutions appear in the journals irregularly; there are issues that have no articles written by researchers from foreign institutions or articles by Lithuanian researchers written in English.The journals are an excellent channel for the dissemination of scientific information in gender studies. It is important, though, to aim for a regular and continuous scientific communication, to encourage publications by researchers from different disciplines, for a greater emphasis on the interdisciplinarity of gender studies and research, to expand the international scope of science communication, i.e., in summary, to strive for consistency and balance. This is important for achieving the effective scientific communication that helps to foster a wider dissemination of research results and improve the connection between the decision makers and knowledge, to inform society about social trends and enable it to strive for change, and to establish the principles of equal opportunities.It is worth noting that an effective dissemination of knowledge generated in gender studies is relevant not only for other researchers and professional community, but also could be very valuable in the processes of law and decision-making and could be used in initiatives for social, economic, and political changes.Moreover, in order to gain a comprehensive view on the whole scientific communication in gender studies, it is necessarily to expand the analysis beyond the formal communication scientist to scientist to other types of scientific communication (scientist to professional community, scientist to society), as well as to include other channels of formal communication. ; Šiame straipsnyje aprašomas tyrimas yra 2014 m. atlikto tyrimo "Formalioji lyčių studijų mokslo komunikacija: mokslo leidinio "Lyčių studijos ir tyrimai atvejo analizė" tęsinys. Tyrimo rezultatai publikuoti 2014 metais mokslo leidinyje "Lyčių studijos ir tyrimai". Šio tyrimo tikslas: išanalizuoti lyčių studijų problematiką nagrinėjančių mokslininkų formaliosios mokslo komunikacijos raiškas septyniuose socialinių mokslų krypties mokslo žurnaluose bei atlikti gautų rezultatų lyginamąją analizę su anksčiau atliktu tyrimu. Atrinktų žurnalų straipsnių analizei pasirinkti šie kriterijai: žurnalų straipsnių skaičius lyčių studijų tematika, teminis straipsnių pasiskirstymas, straipsnių autorių institucinė priklausomybė, bendraautorystė, straipsnių kalba ir tarptautiškumas, straipsnių autorių lytis bei lyčių studijų mokslo komunikacijos lyderiai. Straipsnių analizei atrinkti septyniuose socialinių mokslų krypties žurnaluose (Sociologija. Mintis ir veiksmas, Filosofija. Sociologija, Socialiniai tyrimai, Socialinis darbas, Socialinių mokslų studijos, Tiltai, Acta paedagogica Vilnensia) lyčių studijų tematika publikuoti 109 straipsniai.
Šiuolaikinė organizacija, siekdama išlikti konkurencinėje aplinkoje, į tradicines vadybos sistemas privalo integruoti informacijos ir žinių vadybos principus. Atsiranda poreikis valdyti nematerialiuosius išteklius, todėl stebima informacijos vadybos kaita, vystosi žinių vadyba, kurios esmė – neapčiuopiamų išteklių naudojimas, valdymas ir tobulinimas. Žiniomis grįstos visuomenės kūrimas yra ekonomikos plėtros, darbo vietų kūrimo ir socialinės gerovės užtikrinimo pagrindas. Siekiant aptarti informacijos, žinių ir komunikacijos vadybos taikymo modernioje organizacijoje teorines ir praktines galimybes, Vilniaus universiteto Komunikacijos fakultete buvo organizuota mokslinė konferencija.Review of the conference "The Scope of Information and Communication Management"Lijana Stundžė
Didėjant dėmesiui organizacinei kultūrai, reikalaujama, kad vadovai pripažintų esminius organizacinės kultūros aspektus ir jų daromą poveikį darbuotojų pasitenkinimui darbu, vykdant įsipareigojimus, siekiant darbo rezultatų, darbuotojų tarpusavio sanglaudai, strategijai įgyvendinti ir t. t. Organizacinė kultūra daro poveikį darbuotojų elgsenai, kurios būdai yra perduodami vienų darbuotojų kitiems. Individai dirbdami organizacijoje ne tik kuria produktus ar paslaugas, gauna už tai atlyginimą, kopia karjeros laiptais, bet ir aktyviai kuria organizacinę kultūrą. Organizacinė kultūra yra kuriama ir palaikoma komunikacijos pagalba, o komunikacija yra vienas iš organizacinės kultūros elementų. Lytis kaip socialinis ir kultūrinis konstruktas taip pat yra vienas iš svarbesnių organizacinės kultūros elementų, nes požiūris į lytį, seksualumo suvokimas organizacijoje daro įtaką ten dirbantiems moterims ir vyrams, kita vertus, individo lytis taip turi poveikį organizacinei kultūrai.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: organizacinė kultūra, lytis, komunikacija, organizacinių kultūrų tipologija, lyties aspektas, organizacinės kultūros elementai.Correlation among Organizational Culture, Communication and GenderLijana Stundžė SummaryThe aim of this article is to analyze a correlation between organizational culture, gender and communication. The analysis is based on theoretical approaches. The article analyzes the concepts of organization's culture and organizational culture; organizational culture types; elements of organizational culture and its correlation with gender. Focal attention is paid to the elements of organizational culture, such as management style, organizational policy, stereotypes, informal socialization, organizational demography, language and communication, time management, work ideology, perception of gender and sexuality, artifacts. The latter elements have utmost connections with gender.There is an evident correlation among organizational culture, gender and communication.Organizational culture is created and supported by communication; herewith, communication is one element of organizational culture. Gender as a social and cultural construct is also an essential element of organizational culture, because the perception of gender and sexuality influences women and men in an organization; on the other hand, gender, especially gender demography and leadership, also affects the organizational culture.
Straipsnyje analizuojamas lyties ir organizacijos santykis komunikacijos aspektu. Lyčių komunikacija, vykstanti organizacijoje, daro didžiulę įtaką visiems organizacijos procesams: sprendimų priėmimui, darbo rezultatams, organizacijos narių asmeniniams santykiams ir pan. Daugelyje šiuolaikinių organizacijų vyrauja istoriškai susiklosčiusi vyriškoji kultūra, kuri dažnai yra nepalanki moterims organizacijoje: moterys susiduria su "stiklinių lubų" fenomenu, gauna mažesnį darbo užmokestį už tą patį darbą*, mažai moterų užima vadovaujančius postus. Šio straipsnio tikslas – išanalizuoti, kokie veiksniai daro įtaką lyčių komunikacijai organizacijoje. Straipsnyje analizuojama lyčių samprata organizacijoje, organizacijos kultūros ir lyties santykis, iš lyties perspektyvos nagrinėjamos komunikacinės situacijos bei socializacijos institucijų įtaka lyčių komunikacijos modeliams ir būdams. Lyčių komunikacija analizuojama remiantis kultūriniais lyčių skirtumais. Straipsnyje vartojamas terminas "lytis" suvokiamas kaip socialinis konstruktas, kuris apima moteriškąjį ir vyriškąjį identitetą bei elgseną.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: socialinė lytis, lytis ir organizacija, lytis ir organizacijos kultūra, lyčių komunikacija organizacijoje, organizacijos demografija.Gender and organization: communicative dimensionLijana Stundžė Summary The article focuses on gender communication in an organization. The main goal of the article is to analyze the factors that influence gender communication in an organization. The main tasks of the article:• to analyze the conception of a gendered organization;• to analyze the influence of socialization process on gender communication;• to explore the relation between various communication situations and gender.An analysis of the theoretical background demonstrates that differences of gender communication in organizations are strongly influenced by the following processes: organizational culture, gender perception in an organization, organization demography, socialization process, stereotypes and various communication settings.Cultural norms and behaviour patterns developed through socialization institutions (family, education institutions, literature, toys, games, media, playmates) have a huge impact on communication behaviour in an organization.
For a long time, the patriarchal tradition of portraying a woman as stereotypical has been established, confining her to traditional roles in the family and society. Media publications often become the main source of constructing attitudes and beliefs in society. The peculiarities of portraying women in the media are an important means of constructing women's self-awareness. The purpose of this article – to introduce the research conducted to investigate the peculiarities of representation of the women's roles in the women's magazines and their transformation. For implementation this research it has been chosen the largest monthly magazine for the Lithuanian women "Woman" and the issues have been chosen published in 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2018 to fulfill the qualitative and quantitative content analysis. The transition from the Soviet system to the capitalist society is characterized by transformation of values, the search for national identity, the establishmen the new models of relations in the society, the establishmen to the lifestyle characteristic to the capitalist society, etc. The images presented in the media draw the attention of individuals and shape the public's perception of what a woman should be and what responsibilities are assigned to her.
Straipsnio tikslas – išanalizuoti moterų interviu kaip sakytinės istorijos šaltinius komunikaciniu aspektu. Sakytinė istorija apibrėžiama kaip komunikacinės sąveikos tarp tyrėjo ir interviu davėjo metu gimęs pasakojimas, apibrėžtas lingvistinių, socialinių, ideologinių ir komunikacinių struktūrų. Analizės objektas yra interviu metodas, kuris naudojamas informacijai surinkti. Istorijos moksle duomenų rinkimas interviu būdu ir jų interpretavimas vadinamas sakytine istorija. Sakytinės istorijos specifiką lemia jos pagrindinis šaltinis – interviu, kurio informacija visuomet subjektyvi, turi asmeninės interpretacijos atspalvį ir savaime nėra tinkama faktų tikslinimui (Marcinkevičienė, 2008). Sakytinės istorijos metodas yra populiarus tarp istorikų, sociologų, antropologų, žurnalistų, etnologų. Mokslininkai sakytinę istoriją analizuoja įvairiais aspektais, tačiau pasigendama visapusiško požiūrio į sakytinės istorijos interviu komunikacinį aspektą. Šiame straipsnyje teorinės įžvalgos pritaikomos Vilniaus universiteto Lyčių studijų centro moterų atminties archyvo "Socializmas moterų atmintyje" interviu analizei komunikaciniu aspektu. Analizei atrinkta 20 atsitiktinių, nepublikuotų interviu, kuriuose nagrinėjamas klausėjui ir apklausiamajam keliamų reikalavimų ir atsakomybių įgyvendinimas bei įtaka komunikacijos procesui. Straipsnyje atsiribojama nuo sakytinės istorijos turinio analizės ir dėmesys telkiamas tik į komunikacinius aspektus, t. y. analizuojamas interviu procesas ir jo dalyviams keliami reikalavimai. Straipsnyje aprašomas atliktas tyrimas parodo pasirinktos temos daugiaaspektiškumą ir tarpdiscipliniškumą. Naudojami aprašomasis ir mokslinės literatūros kritinės analizės metodai.Reikšminiai žodžiai: sakytinė istorija, moterų sakytinė istorija, interviu, komunikacija, klausymas.
Women's oral history: the communicative aspectLijana Stundžė, Giedrė Rutkauskaitė
Summary Oral history is defined as a story born of communication interaction between the researcher and the interviewee. It is defined by linguistic, social, ideological as well as communication structures. The purpose of the study is to analyse women's interviews as sources of oral history by the communicative aspect. The object of analysis is the interview method which is used to gather information. Data collection using the interview method and its interpretation in the science of history are called oral history. Oral history is determined by the specificity of its main source – an interview, which is always subjective and is not suitable for revising the facts (D. Marcinkevičienė, 2008). However, interview is understood not only as information exchange. The process of interview includes also: mutual understanding which allows the interviewer to predict the actions and behaviour of interviewees; interaction, which helps influencing the process of interview; empathy, which allows empathizing with interviewee's feelings. These elements are analysed theoretically and practically in this article.The interview method is popular among historians, sociologists, anthropologists, journalists, ethnologists. Scientists explore an oral history in various aspects, but there is a lack of a comprehensive approach to the communication aspect in oral history interviews. The theoretical insights are adapted to the analysis of interviews of the Vilnius University Centre of Gender Studies archive "Socialism in Women's Memory". There were 20 unpublished interviews randomly chosen for the analysis in order to examine the requirements and responsibilities for the interviewer and the interviewee and the impact of the communication process. The article focuses only on the communicative aspects, the interview process, and the requirements for the participants. The analysis shows the multidimensionality and interdisciplinarity of the topic. The article is written using the methods of descriptive and critical analysis of the scientific literature.
