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With the rapid development of the media industry in China, fake news has become a severe problem. This paper identifies four types of fake news, with examples which include totally fake news, distorted fake news, fast news, and sensational journalism. The second part of the paper attempts to analyse the causes of fake news. The acceleration of the trend of media marketization, the loss of professional ethics by media practitioners, the influence of stakeholders, and the marketization of news value in university education, have all given rise to the emergence of fake news. The third part investigates the influence of fake news on society. Fake news can result in inappropriate policy making by the government. With the prevalence of fake news, public media literacy declines and social ethos becomes fickle. Finally, the paper attempts to explore possibly effective countermeasures, which involve establishing a fact-checking mechanism, calling for slow news instead of fast news, improving the public's media literacy, and reforming the news paradigm, in order to resist fake news in future.

Tyrosine was explored as a cross-linking agent to form cross-linked bovine serum albumin (BSA) using laccase as a catalyst. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and fluorescence spectra indicated that tyrosine can be mainly oxidized to be dityrosine. Spectra analysis and molecular weight were used to characterize the BSA treated with tyrosine and laccase. Both SDS-PAGE and size exclusion chromatography confirmed the formation of cross-linked BSA, while most of the protein products existed as BSA–tyrosine conjugates. The MALDI-TOF analysis revealed that five tyrosine units were grafted on one BSA monomer, however one cross-linked BSA consists of two BSA monomers and 18 tyrosine. Furthermore, the content of the amino acid of BSA was identified using amino acid analysis, among those the percentage of lysine presented a visible decline from 12.36% to 11.43%, corresponding to 4-5 lysine residues. The pure and modified BSA were hydrolyzed by trypsin and the corresponding peptides were obtained. Different mass of five peptides from LC-MS spectra after hydrolysis indicated that tyrosine could react with Lys-136, Lys-204, Lys-224, Lys-322 and Lys-537 in BSA, promoting the formation of BSA–tyrosine conjugates and cross-linked BSA. ; This study was supported by Chinese Government Scholarship under China Scholar Council (NO. 201906790043) and "the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (NO. JUSRP52007A). This study was also supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the scope of the strategic funding of UIDB/04469/2020 unit and BioTecNorte operation (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000004) funded by the European Regional Development Fund under the scope of Norte2020 - Programa Operacional Regional do ...

AbstractWithin the emerging live-streaming commerce context, streamer-consumer gender match has been considered an important topic in studies on advertising hedonic products. However, it is still under-explored how streamer-consumer gender match affects the mapping from functional benefits to advertising effectiveness when advertising utilitarian products and how the mechanism is contingent on heterogeneous price signals. To somewhat address the research gaps, we develop a number of hypotheses based on the elaboration likelihood model together with the price signaling mechanism and examine the research model drawing on a 28-day panel on 685 smartphones sold on Douyin Live Shopping. The empirical results indicate that (1) functional benefit performance has a positive effect on advertising effectiveness for utilitarian products with a middle-price signal, and the effect is stronger when the products are sold by male rather than female streamers; (2) also for advertising utilitarian products with a middle-price signal, male consumers resist male streamers when streamers leverage utilitarian information to stimulate consumers' purchase intention; and (3) functional benefit performance contributes little to advertising effectiveness for utilitarian products with a high-price or low-price signal. The evidence uncovers that gender match mainly makes a difference to appending extra hedonic cues rather than amplifying the conversion of utilitarian information in the sense of advertising utilitarian products. The findings also highlight the risk of neglecting within-category heterogeneities in the by-product-category research on live-streaming advertising.

BACKGROUND: With the COVID-19 outbreak in China, the Chinese government took measures to prevent and control the spread of the virus. In-person teaching was replaced by distance learning, which was an unknown challenge for students. In this context, little is known about the perceived distress of nursing students and the relationship between psychological capital, perceived distress, and psychological stress. This study examined the relationship between psychological capital, psychological distress, and perceived stress, and the mediating role of psychological capital in the relationship between perceived stress and psychological distress among nursing students. METHODS: This cross-sectional survey was conducted between January and December 2020 using a convenience sampling method involving 359 undergraduate and specialist nursing students at a tertiary hospital in Shandong Province. Standardised instruments were used to measure psychological capital, psychological stress, and perceived stress. We used SPSS 24.0 and PROCESS macro to analyse the data. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference in perceived stress among students based on whether they liked the nursing profession (P < 0.01). Relative to nursing college students, undergraduates experienced significantly higher levels of perceived stress (P < 0.01). Nevertheless, there were no significant differences in perceived stress according to gender, place of residence, and being an only child. Psychological distress was positively correlated (r = 0.632, p < 0.001) with perceived stress (r =-0.662, p < 0.001), whereas it was negatively correlated with psychological capital. Psychological capital played a potential mediating role in the relationship between psychological distress and perceived stress. CONCLUSIONS: Psychological distress was negatively correlated with psychological capital, and positively correlated with perceived stress. Mediation analyses indicated that psychological capital partially mediated the relationship ...

Laccase from Myceliophthora thermophila was used to catalyze the polymerization of catechol under high-pressure homogenization for the green coloration of textile substrates. The oxidation reactions were conducted using different forms of laccase, namely native laccase, PEGylated laccase and PEGylated laccase immobilized onto an epoxy resin. The three enzyme forms were deposited inside a polyester fabric bag during the experiments. The amount of polymer obtained was similar when using the three enzyme forms and its dispersion in water/DMSO mixture lead to powder particles of about 3060nm. The immobilized and PEGylated enzymes lead to poly(catechol) with 13 and 10 units, respectively, while the native form gave rise to shorter polymers (DP=8). We have shown that the oxidation of catechol conducted under high-pressure homogenization can be an efficient methodology for the in situ coloration of textiles. The polymers produced by this methodology stained strongly the textile container, revealing this experimental set-up as a promising greener coloration/coating methodology involving milder conditions than the normally used in textile processes. ; This study was supported by the Chinese Government Scholarship under China Scholarship Council [grant No. 201606790036]; and by the Chinese Foundation Key projects of governmental cooperation in international scientific and technological innovation [grant No. 2016 YFE0115700]; and by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the scope of the strategic funding of UID/BIO/04469/2013 unit and COMPETE 2020 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006684) and BioTecNorte operation (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000004) funded by European Regional Development Fund under the scope of Norte2020 - Programa Operacional Regional do Norte. This work was also supported by the European Union through the European Regional Development Fund under the Competitiveness Operational Program [grant COP-A1.1.4-E-2015 nr.30/01.09.2016]; and by the Project "Search-ON2: Revitalization of HPC infrastructure ...